<p><i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the main pests of corn and soybeans. Its control, usually done with insecticides, can reduce natural enemies and cause biological imbalances. One of these enemies is the egg parasitoid <i>Telenomus remus</i> (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the side effects of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and chlorpyrifos, at the highest dosages recommended by the manufacturers to control <i>S. frugiperda</i>, aiming to integrate chemical and biological methods. Insecticides were applied to adult females of <i>T. remus</i> and eggs of <i>S. frugiperda</i> containing the parasitoid in its immature stages (egg-larval and pupa). The experiment was entirely randomized. Survival, parasitism, emergence, and sex ratio were evaluated. Chlorpyrifos reduced parasitism of females (F<sub>0</sub>) and emergence of parasitoids (F<sub>1</sub>) by 100% when applied to immature stages, and was classified as harmful by the IOBC. The other insecticides were selective at this stage. Spinetoram and chlorpyrifos were toxic to adult females (F<sub>0</sub>) exposed to residues, causing 100% mortality in less than 24 h. Chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb were not toxic when applied directly to adult females (F<sub>0</sub>). Due to the low toxicity of chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram and indoxacarb for immature stages, and of indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole for adults, these insecticides should be prioritized in the integrated management of <i>S. frugiperda</i>.</p>

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Side effects of insecticides used in soybean and corn on the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

  • Vanessa Exteckoetter,
  • Júlia Assunção de Castro Oliveira,
  • Karolina Gomes de Figueiredo,
  • Adeney de Freitas Bueno,
  • Geraldo Andrade Carvalho

摘要

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the main pests of corn and soybeans. Its control, usually done with insecticides, can reduce natural enemies and cause biological imbalances. One of these enemies is the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). The objective of this study was to evaluate the side effects of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, spinetoram, and chlorpyrifos, at the highest dosages recommended by the manufacturers to control S. frugiperda, aiming to integrate chemical and biological methods. Insecticides were applied to adult females of T. remus and eggs of S. frugiperda containing the parasitoid in its immature stages (egg-larval and pupa). The experiment was entirely randomized. Survival, parasitism, emergence, and sex ratio were evaluated. Chlorpyrifos reduced parasitism of females (F0) and emergence of parasitoids (F1) by 100% when applied to immature stages, and was classified as harmful by the IOBC. The other insecticides were selective at this stage. Spinetoram and chlorpyrifos were toxic to adult females (F0) exposed to residues, causing 100% mortality in less than 24 h. Chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb were not toxic when applied directly to adult females (F0). Due to the low toxicity of chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram and indoxacarb for immature stages, and of indoxacarb and chlorantraniliprole for adults, these insecticides should be prioritized in the integrated management of S. frugiperda.