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<p>The municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, has recognized emissions of atmospheric particulate matter (APM) as an environmental and human health threat, emitted mainly by the mining and steel industries. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the chemical elements present in the metallic nanoparticles of APM from Vitória (PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub>) and to evaluate their biochemical effects and those of the sedimentable APM (PM<sub>45–75</sub>) on <i>Allium cepa</i> (onion) cells, as a bioindicator. The analyses consisted of characterization in aqueous solution; quantification of metals; X-ray diffraction analysis; and quantification of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, ascorbate peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, and metallothionein in <i>A. cepa</i> cells exposed to seven concentrations of the collected materials. The results showed that these particles dissociate in water, forming agglomerates of different sizes, up to nanoparticles. The X-ray data demonstrated a higher proportion of hematite and quartz, corroborating the high quantification of Fe. Among the analyzed metals, Fe, Al, B, Mn, Se, Zn, Sr, Cu, Ni, Ba, and Ti (an emerging metal) had the highest concentrations. There was an increase in the antioxidant system of <i>A. cepa</i> cells. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce the monitoring and regulation of APM emissions, considering their chemical composition and biological effects.</p>

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Chemical and physical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter under metallurgical influence and its biochemical effects on Allium cepa L. cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月24日

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  • Iasmini Nicoli Galter,
  • Iara da Costa Souza,
  • Enzo Zini Moreira Silva,
  • Adrislaine da Silva Mansano,
  • Magdalena V. Monferrán,
  • Daniel A. Wunderlin,
  • Francielen Barroso Aragão,
  • Marisa Narciso Fernandes,
  • Silvia Tamie Matsumoto

摘要

The municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, has recognized emissions of atmospheric particulate matter (APM) as an environmental and human health threat, emitted mainly by the mining and steel industries. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the chemical elements present in the metallic nanoparticles of APM from Vitória (PM2.5 and PM10) and to evaluate their biochemical effects and those of the sedimentable APM (PM45–75) on Allium cepa (onion) cells, as a bioindicator. The analyses consisted of characterization in aqueous solution; quantification of metals; X-ray diffraction analysis; and quantification of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, ascorbate peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, and metallothionein in A. cepa cells exposed to seven concentrations of the collected materials. The results showed that these particles dissociate in water, forming agglomerates of different sizes, up to nanoparticles. The X-ray data demonstrated a higher proportion of hematite and quartz, corroborating the high quantification of Fe. Among the analyzed metals, Fe, Al, B, Mn, Se, Zn, Sr, Cu, Ni, Ba, and Ti (an emerging metal) had the highest concentrations. There was an increase in the antioxidant system of A. cepa cells. Therefore, it is essential to reinforce the monitoring and regulation of APM emissions, considering their chemical composition and biological effects.