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<p>While rent-sharing is known to vary with worker characteristics and to differ between women and men, the link between these two dimensions remains unclear. Our aim is therefore to examine whether gender differences in rent-sharing are shaped by workers’ bargaining power, as captured by education, field of study, tenure, occupation and the type of wage agreement. To do so, we use matched employer-employee data for the Belgian private sector over the period 1999–2016 and estimate 2SLS models controlling for a wide range of individual, job and firm characteristics while addressing potential endogeneity issues. We find a wage-profit elasticity of 2.8%, with no statistically significant difference between women and men. Our results further show that rent-sharing increases with education, tenure and occupational status and that these effects do not differ by gender overall. This implies that the price effect associated with rent-sharing is generally insignificant in explaining the gender wage gap. Conversely, given that women, regardless of their bargaining power, tend to be employed in less profitable firms than their male counterparts, the quantity effect associated with rent-sharing appears to play a non-negligible role.</p>

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Do Firms Share Their Profits Equally with Women and Men? The Role of Human Capital, Managerial Positions and Unions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Kevin Pineda-Hernández,
  • François Rycx,
  • Mélanie Volral,
  • Alexandre Waroquier

摘要

While rent-sharing is known to vary with worker characteristics and to differ between women and men, the link between these two dimensions remains unclear. Our aim is therefore to examine whether gender differences in rent-sharing are shaped by workers’ bargaining power, as captured by education, field of study, tenure, occupation and the type of wage agreement. To do so, we use matched employer-employee data for the Belgian private sector over the period 1999–2016 and estimate 2SLS models controlling for a wide range of individual, job and firm characteristics while addressing potential endogeneity issues. We find a wage-profit elasticity of 2.8%, with no statistically significant difference between women and men. Our results further show that rent-sharing increases with education, tenure and occupational status and that these effects do not differ by gender overall. This implies that the price effect associated with rent-sharing is generally insignificant in explaining the gender wage gap. Conversely, given that women, regardless of their bargaining power, tend to be employed in less profitable firms than their male counterparts, the quantity effect associated with rent-sharing appears to play a non-negligible role.