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<p>This study unveils a fresh perspective on female migration from Eastern and Central Asia (ECA) to OECD countries, challenging conventional “push–pull” theories. Leveraging a rich panel of 21 ECA nations from 1999 to 2022, we integrate Two-Way Fixed Effects, Dynamic Panel Regression, and Quantile Regression to dissect how economic, social, and human capital factors influence women’s mobility and remittance behavior. Contrary to expectations, higher female unemployment in origin countries suppresses migration flows, indicating that better local labor markets empower women to migrate more successfully and remit larger amounts. We document significant heterogeneity by education level, where highly educated women exhibit stronger migration propensities, and by employment sector, with services fostering and industrial jobs deterring migration. Remittances emerge as key development channels, amplifying human and economic capital in origin communities. Our findings illuminate a cyclical feedback: development fosters migration while remittances reinforce progress at home. By reframing migration as an outcome of opportunity rather than distress, this research offers policymakers targeted recommendations to leverage female migration for sustainable development and gender equality. These insights establish a robust empirical foundation for future studies on gendered migration patterns and evidence-based policy design.</p>

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Nearing national boundaries and narrowing gender divides: addressing female diaspora and development for europe and central asia (eca)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Avik Ghosh,
  • Suvajit Banerjee,
  • Sovini Mondal

摘要

This study unveils a fresh perspective on female migration from Eastern and Central Asia (ECA) to OECD countries, challenging conventional “push–pull” theories. Leveraging a rich panel of 21 ECA nations from 1999 to 2022, we integrate Two-Way Fixed Effects, Dynamic Panel Regression, and Quantile Regression to dissect how economic, social, and human capital factors influence women’s mobility and remittance behavior. Contrary to expectations, higher female unemployment in origin countries suppresses migration flows, indicating that better local labor markets empower women to migrate more successfully and remit larger amounts. We document significant heterogeneity by education level, where highly educated women exhibit stronger migration propensities, and by employment sector, with services fostering and industrial jobs deterring migration. Remittances emerge as key development channels, amplifying human and economic capital in origin communities. Our findings illuminate a cyclical feedback: development fosters migration while remittances reinforce progress at home. By reframing migration as an outcome of opportunity rather than distress, this research offers policymakers targeted recommendations to leverage female migration for sustainable development and gender equality. These insights establish a robust empirical foundation for future studies on gendered migration patterns and evidence-based policy design.