RETRACTED ARTICLE: Promoting sustainable growth through eco-innovation, energy transition, and human capital: a comparative analysis of G-7 economies

The objective of this research endeavor is to examine the intricate relationship among human capital (HC), energy transition (ET), sustainable growth (SG), and eco-innovation (Eco IN) within the G-7 economies over the period of 2008 to 2022. The research findings indicate that eco-innovation is a crucial factor in advancing sustainable practices and tackling environmental issues; the market is influenced by consumer demand and public–private collaboration. Implementation is, nevertheless, impeded by significant upfront costs and intricate regulatory frameworks. ET is an additional critical element in the employment creation and economic growth of renewable energy companies. Nonetheless, substantial investments in renewable technology and infrastructure are required to ensure a smooth transition. Sustainability of HC ultimately necessitates investments in research, education, and talent development. According to the data, effective policy, financial incentives, favorable legislation, and stakeholder participation reduce obstacles and promote SG. The results demonstrate how economies of the G-7 can utilize eco-innovation, ET, and HC to create a future that is both sustainable and inclusive.