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Purpose <p>To provide a conceptual understanding of the continuous and discrete wavelet transforms (CWT, DWT) for clinical electroretinography (ERG) analysis, and how these methods uncover time–frequency features that complement traditional time-domain analysis.</p> Methods <p>A technical overview without the use of mathematical formula describing the basics of CWT and DWT and implementation considerations. We also review an example of four standard ISCEV full-field ERG (ffERG) recordings from a healthy 32-year-old male.</p> Results <p>Wavelet analysis uncovered time–frequency signatures absent in raw traces. In DA 0.01&#xa0;cd&#xa0;s/m<sup>2</sup> DWT scalogram, energy localized in the 2–5&#xa0;Hz range, with CWT scalograms corroborating these findings. In DA 3.0&#xa0;cd&#xa0;s/m<sup>2</sup>, a broader frequency response is seen across 10, 20 and 40&#xa0;Hz center frequencies. A similar progression was found in the LA 3.0&#xa0;cd&#xa0;s/m<sup>2</sup>, with additional low energy indices at 80 and 160&#xa0;Hz. For the LA 30&#xa0;Hz flicker, all frequency and time–frequency profiles effectively replicated the 30&#xa0;Hz response of the cone system.</p> Conclusions <p>CWT and DWT provide complementary and objective insight into ERG responses. Open-source MATLAB toolkit and step-by-step tutorial provided herein lower technical barriers and enable use by the broader community.</p>

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A practical introduction to wavelet analysis in electroretinography

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Yousif J. Shwetar,
  • David S. Lalush,
  • Alice Y. Zhang,
  • J. Jason McAnany,
  • Brett G. Jeffrey,
  • Melissa A. Haendel

摘要

Purpose

To provide a conceptual understanding of the continuous and discrete wavelet transforms (CWT, DWT) for clinical electroretinography (ERG) analysis, and how these methods uncover time–frequency features that complement traditional time-domain analysis.

Methods

A technical overview without the use of mathematical formula describing the basics of CWT and DWT and implementation considerations. We also review an example of four standard ISCEV full-field ERG (ffERG) recordings from a healthy 32-year-old male.

Results

Wavelet analysis uncovered time–frequency signatures absent in raw traces. In DA 0.01 cd s/m2 DWT scalogram, energy localized in the 2–5 Hz range, with CWT scalograms corroborating these findings. In DA 3.0 cd s/m2, a broader frequency response is seen across 10, 20 and 40 Hz center frequencies. A similar progression was found in the LA 3.0 cd s/m2, with additional low energy indices at 80 and 160 Hz. For the LA 30 Hz flicker, all frequency and time–frequency profiles effectively replicated the 30 Hz response of the cone system.

Conclusions

CWT and DWT provide complementary and objective insight into ERG responses. Open-source MATLAB toolkit and step-by-step tutorial provided herein lower technical barriers and enable use by the broader community.