<p>We consider the problem of finding <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="106" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_2(n,\{d_1,d_2\})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> defined as the maximal size of a binary (non-linear) code of length <i>n</i> with two distances <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Binary codes with distances <i>d</i> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d+2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of size <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="32" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim \frac{n^2}{\frac{d}{2}(\frac{d}{2}+1)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mrow> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> can be obtained from 2-packings of an <i>n</i>-element set by blocks of cardinality <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="37" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\frac{d}{2}+1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. This value is far from the upper bound <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="179" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_2(n,\{d_1,d_2\})\le 1+{n\atopwithdelims ()2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mfrac linethickness="0pt"> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> proved recently by Barg et al. In this paper we prove that for every fixed <i>d</i> (<i>d</i> even) there exists an integer <i>N</i>(<i>d</i>) such that for every <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="71" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge N(d)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mi>N</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> it holds <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="239" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_2(n,\{d,d+2\})=D(n,\frac{d}{2}+1,2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="98" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D(n,\frac{d}{2}+1,2)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the maximal size of a 2-<InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="83" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((n,\frac{d}{2}+1,1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> packing. In other words, an optimal code is a translation of some constant-weight code. We prove also estimates on <i>N</i>(<i>d</i>) for <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d=4\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10623_2025_1684_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d=6\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>d</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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On binary codes with distances d and \(d+2\)

  • Ivan Landjev,
  • Konstantin Vorob’ev

摘要

We consider the problem of finding \(A_2(n,\{d_1,d_2\})\) A 2 ( n , { d 1 , d 2 } ) defined as the maximal size of a binary (non-linear) code of length n with two distances \(d_1\) d 1 and \(d_2\) d 2 . Binary codes with distances d and \(d+2\) d + 2 of size \(\sim \frac{n^2}{\frac{d}{2}(\frac{d}{2}+1)}\) n 2 d 2 ( d 2 + 1 ) can be obtained from 2-packings of an n-element set by blocks of cardinality \(\frac{d}{2}+1\) d 2 + 1 . This value is far from the upper bound \(A_2(n,\{d_1,d_2\})\le 1+{n\atopwithdelims ()2}\) A 2 ( n , { d 1 , d 2 } ) 1 + n 2 proved recently by Barg et al. In this paper we prove that for every fixed d (d even) there exists an integer N(d) such that for every \(n\ge N(d)\) n N ( d ) it holds \(A_2(n,\{d,d+2\})=D(n,\frac{d}{2}+1,2)\) A 2 ( n , { d , d + 2 } ) = D ( n , d 2 + 1 , 2 ) , where \(D(n,\frac{d}{2}+1,2)\) D ( n , d 2 + 1 , 2 ) is the maximal size of a 2- \((n,\frac{d}{2}+1,1)\) ( n , d 2 + 1 , 1 ) packing. In other words, an optimal code is a translation of some constant-weight code. We prove also estimates on N(d) for \(d=4\) d = 4 and \(d=6\) d = 6 .