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<p>Breast cancer is associated with significant mortality amongst women universally. Common treatments face various difficulties, including the development of drug resistance. This fact necessitates the exploration of new therapeutic protocols. Our study evaluated the apoptotic effects of green-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on breast cancer cells (MCF7) compared to normal epithelial cells (MCF10) through a series of in vitro assays. Copper oxide nanoparticles were obtained from Viola corneta leaves. The crystalline structure and spherical morphology of the nanoparticles were represented by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cells were treated with multiple concentrations of CuO-NPs. Cell viability assay revealed dose-dependent IC50 values of 35.4&#xa0;µg/mL and 85&#xa0;µg/mL for MCF7 and MCF10A, respectively. CuO-NPs remarkably promoted ROS production and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by Annexin V/PI staining. Flow cytometric analysis exhibited a marked rise in the SubG1 phase of the cell cycle in the MCF7 population. Ultimately, real-time PCR analysis also exhibited a higher expression of pro-apoptotic than anti-apoptotic genes in treated cells. These findings emphasize the ability of CuO-NPs to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines and highlight their effectiveness in selectively targeting the cancer cells rather than the normal cells.</p>

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Anticancer potential of Viola cornuta–derived green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles via ROS-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Maryam Fekri Soufiabadi,
  • Mahsa Ziasistani,
  • Hannaneh Bazgir,
  • Shahrzad Eftekhar Vaghefi,
  • Narges Karimi,
  • Shahriar Dabiri

摘要

Breast cancer is associated with significant mortality amongst women universally. Common treatments face various difficulties, including the development of drug resistance. This fact necessitates the exploration of new therapeutic protocols. Our study evaluated the apoptotic effects of green-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on breast cancer cells (MCF7) compared to normal epithelial cells (MCF10) through a series of in vitro assays. Copper oxide nanoparticles were obtained from Viola corneta leaves. The crystalline structure and spherical morphology of the nanoparticles were represented by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cells were treated with multiple concentrations of CuO-NPs. Cell viability assay revealed dose-dependent IC50 values of 35.4 µg/mL and 85 µg/mL for MCF7 and MCF10A, respectively. CuO-NPs remarkably promoted ROS production and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by Annexin V/PI staining. Flow cytometric analysis exhibited a marked rise in the SubG1 phase of the cell cycle in the MCF7 population. Ultimately, real-time PCR analysis also exhibited a higher expression of pro-apoptotic than anti-apoptotic genes in treated cells. These findings emphasize the ability of CuO-NPs to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines and highlight their effectiveness in selectively targeting the cancer cells rather than the normal cells.