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<p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-lasting ailment mostly disturbing joints and managed with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARDs), corticosteroids, and NSAIDs, along with immunosuppressants, though these cause serious adverse effects. <i>Citrus medica</i> L., known for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunostimulatory properties, was examined for the anti-arthritic activity of its hydroalcoholic extract (HAECF) in Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA)-induced RA rats. In this work, HAECF was prepared by using a soxhlet apparatus. Furthermore, HAECF was taken into consideration to analyze phytochemical constitutions. Experimental groups received HAECF at doses of 200&#xa0;mg/kg and 400&#xa0;mg/kg orally for 28 days, and therapeutic efficiency was evaluated through body weight, paw volume, arthritis index (AI), hematological and antioxidant parameters, along with histopathological examination. HAECF confirmed significant dose-dependent anti-arthritic actions, as demonstrated by reduction in paw volume (2.35 ± 0.018 at 200&#xa0;mg/kg and 2.26 ± 0.016 at 400&#xa0;mg/kg) corresponding to a 43% and 45% reduction, respectively (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and an increase in body weight compared to FCA-induced RA rats. Hematological investigation showed refurbishment of RBC (4.40 ± 0.020 at 200&#xa0;mg/kg and 4.84 ± 0.018 at 400&#xa0;mg/kg) and hemoglobin (11.20 ± 0.201&#xa0;g/dL at 200&#xa0;mg/kg and 12.42 ± 0.009&#xa0;g/dL at 400&#xa0;mg/kg), while WBC, CRP, platelets, ESR, and rheumatoid factor were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) decreased in HAECF-treated groups. Antioxidant markers like MDA, SOD, and catalase were also improved in a dose-dependent manner (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Histopathological examinations confirmed abridged synovial hyperplasia, joint damage, and pannus formation in HAECF-treated rats, supporting its anti-arthritic potential. Therefore, HAECF exhibits significant anti-arthritic potential through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, providing pharmacological justification for its use in RA management.</p>

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Anti-arthritic and antioxidant potential of Citrus medica L. fruit extract in freund’s complete adjuvant-induced wistar rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Sonal Vasava,
  • Tanvi H. Desai,
  • Vipul Gajera,
  • Devesh U. Kapoor,
  • Tejas Patel,
  • Dhara Parekh,
  • Priyanka Chaudhari

摘要

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-lasting ailment mostly disturbing joints and managed with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARDs), corticosteroids, and NSAIDs, along with immunosuppressants, though these cause serious adverse effects. Citrus medica L., known for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunostimulatory properties, was examined for the anti-arthritic activity of its hydroalcoholic extract (HAECF) in Freund’s Complete Adjuvant (FCA)-induced RA rats. In this work, HAECF was prepared by using a soxhlet apparatus. Furthermore, HAECF was taken into consideration to analyze phytochemical constitutions. Experimental groups received HAECF at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg orally for 28 days, and therapeutic efficiency was evaluated through body weight, paw volume, arthritis index (AI), hematological and antioxidant parameters, along with histopathological examination. HAECF confirmed significant dose-dependent anti-arthritic actions, as demonstrated by reduction in paw volume (2.35 ± 0.018 at 200 mg/kg and 2.26 ± 0.016 at 400 mg/kg) corresponding to a 43% and 45% reduction, respectively (p < 0.05), and an increase in body weight compared to FCA-induced RA rats. Hematological investigation showed refurbishment of RBC (4.40 ± 0.020 at 200 mg/kg and 4.84 ± 0.018 at 400 mg/kg) and hemoglobin (11.20 ± 0.201 g/dL at 200 mg/kg and 12.42 ± 0.009 g/dL at 400 mg/kg), while WBC, CRP, platelets, ESR, and rheumatoid factor were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in HAECF-treated groups. Antioxidant markers like MDA, SOD, and catalase were also improved in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Histopathological examinations confirmed abridged synovial hyperplasia, joint damage, and pannus formation in HAECF-treated rats, supporting its anti-arthritic potential. Therefore, HAECF exhibits significant anti-arthritic potential through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, providing pharmacological justification for its use in RA management.