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<p>This study examines the pathways linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to bullying victimization and perpetration, with a focus on gender differences. Data were obtained from the 2023 National Survey of Children’s Health, including responses from 16,170 caregivers of adolescents, aged 12 to 17&#xa0;years. The analyses included bivariate analyses, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results indicate that ACEs are associated with bullying and victimization through the mediating effects of depression and difficulty making friends. ACEs were linked to bullying victimization among both male and female adolescents, while the association with bullying perpetration was significant only among females. Additionally, ACEs were associated with difficulty making friends for females only in the indirect pathways. These findings demonstrate that gender moderates the relationship between ACEs and bullying. The study provides robust evidence of the complex relationships between ACEs, bullying perpetration, and victimization, and advances our understanding of how early adversities contribute to adolescent bullying.</p>

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Exploring Potential Pathways from Adverse Childhood Experiences to Bullying and Victimization: Implications for Clinical Practice and Policy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月25日

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  • Jun Sung Hong,
  • Saijun Zhang,
  • Na Youn Lee,
  • Viktor Burlaka,
  • Julia Burlaka,
  • Roghieh Nooripour

摘要

This study examines the pathways linking adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to bullying victimization and perpetration, with a focus on gender differences. Data were obtained from the 2023 National Survey of Children’s Health, including responses from 16,170 caregivers of adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years. The analyses included bivariate analyses, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results indicate that ACEs are associated with bullying and victimization through the mediating effects of depression and difficulty making friends. ACEs were linked to bullying victimization among both male and female adolescents, while the association with bullying perpetration was significant only among females. Additionally, ACEs were associated with difficulty making friends for females only in the indirect pathways. These findings demonstrate that gender moderates the relationship between ACEs and bullying. The study provides robust evidence of the complex relationships between ACEs, bullying perpetration, and victimization, and advances our understanding of how early adversities contribute to adolescent bullying.