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Background <p>Negative core beliefs are central to cognitive formulations of depression, yet repeated or multi-wave studies are often constrained by questionnaire length. This study developed and validated a brief version of the 32-item Negative Core Beliefs Inventory (NCBI), the Brief NCBI (B-NCBI).</p> Methods <p>Scale reduction and validation were conducted across independent datasets (total <i>N</i> = 3,025): exploratory factor analysis (<i>n</i> = 850), confirmatory factor analysis with item response theory calibration (<i>n</i> = 1,446), convergent and discriminant validation (<i>n</i> = 399), case-control comparison (<i>n</i> = 240), and test-retest reliability (<i>n</i> = 90).</p> Results <p>Analyses supported a 16-item structure with a Self-domain (12 items) comprising four facets (Helplessness/Inferiority, Hopelessness/Vulnerability, Unlovability, Worthlessness) and an Others domain (4 items). Model fit was excellent, χ²(99) = 339.76, RMSEA = 0.041, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97. Graded response model parameters indicated adequate discrimination (a = 1.22 to 2.44). The B-NCBI correlated strongly with the full NCBI (<i>r</i> = .97) and showed expected associations with distress (DASS-21 total <i>r</i> = .66) and well-being (Satisfaction with Life Scale <i>r</i> = − .37; Subjective Happiness Scale <i>r</i> = − .29). Case-control analyses showed large group differences (<i>d</i> = 3.08) and near-perfect discrimination (area under the curve = 0.99).</p> Conclusion <p>The B-NCBI retains the psychometric strengths of the full scale while reducing respondent burden, supporting its use in research and assessment of negative core beliefs among individuals with elevated perceived depressive symptoms.</p>

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Brief Negative Core Beliefs Inventory (B-NCBI): Psychometric Properties and Validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Suleman Ahmad,
  • Ather Mujitaba,
  • Umi Lela

摘要

Background

Negative core beliefs are central to cognitive formulations of depression, yet repeated or multi-wave studies are often constrained by questionnaire length. This study developed and validated a brief version of the 32-item Negative Core Beliefs Inventory (NCBI), the Brief NCBI (B-NCBI).

Methods

Scale reduction and validation were conducted across independent datasets (total N = 3,025): exploratory factor analysis (n = 850), confirmatory factor analysis with item response theory calibration (n = 1,446), convergent and discriminant validation (n = 399), case-control comparison (n = 240), and test-retest reliability (n = 90).

Results

Analyses supported a 16-item structure with a Self-domain (12 items) comprising four facets (Helplessness/Inferiority, Hopelessness/Vulnerability, Unlovability, Worthlessness) and an Others domain (4 items). Model fit was excellent, χ²(99) = 339.76, RMSEA = 0.041, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97. Graded response model parameters indicated adequate discrimination (a = 1.22 to 2.44). The B-NCBI correlated strongly with the full NCBI (r = .97) and showed expected associations with distress (DASS-21 total r = .66) and well-being (Satisfaction with Life Scale r = − .37; Subjective Happiness Scale r = − .29). Case-control analyses showed large group differences (d = 3.08) and near-perfect discrimination (area under the curve = 0.99).

Conclusion

The B-NCBI retains the psychometric strengths of the full scale while reducing respondent burden, supporting its use in research and assessment of negative core beliefs among individuals with elevated perceived depressive symptoms.