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Background <p>Hopelessness has long been identified as an important vulnerability factor in the development of depression. Hope, a cognitive trait reflecting positive expectations for achieving goals is increasingly examined as a potential resilience factor for depression. The present meta-analytic review synthesizes the literature examining the link between hope, as conceptualized by Snyder, and depressive symptoms.</p> Methods <p>A comprehensive literature review identified 120 studies with a combined sample size of 36,707 that met eligibility criteria.</p> Results <p>The weighted cross-sectional mean effect size between hope and depression was <i>r</i> = − 0.443 (95% CI − 0.417:  − 0.468). The weighted mean effect size across 10 longitudinal studies examining the prospective effects of hope on depression was <i>r</i> = −.398 (95% CI −.299: −.488).</p> Conclusions <p>Moderator analyses indicated that the effects of hope on depression may be somewhat smaller in children and non-White individuals compared to adults and White individuals, although the effects of moderators examined was generally small. These results underscore the potential importance of hope as a resilience factor for depression.</p>

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Hope and Depression: A Meta-Analytic Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月15日

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  • Matthew W. Gallagher,
  • Elijah R. Murphy,
  • Amy R. Senger,
  • Zachary S. Ayers,
  • Jacqueline L. Ge

摘要

Background

Hopelessness has long been identified as an important vulnerability factor in the development of depression. Hope, a cognitive trait reflecting positive expectations for achieving goals is increasingly examined as a potential resilience factor for depression. The present meta-analytic review synthesizes the literature examining the link between hope, as conceptualized by Snyder, and depressive symptoms.

Methods

A comprehensive literature review identified 120 studies with a combined sample size of 36,707 that met eligibility criteria.

Results

The weighted cross-sectional mean effect size between hope and depression was r = − 0.443 (95% CI − 0.417:  − 0.468). The weighted mean effect size across 10 longitudinal studies examining the prospective effects of hope on depression was r = −.398 (95% CI −.299: −.488).

Conclusions

Moderator analyses indicated that the effects of hope on depression may be somewhat smaller in children and non-White individuals compared to adults and White individuals, although the effects of moderators examined was generally small. These results underscore the potential importance of hope as a resilience factor for depression.