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Purpose <p>Dysfunctional threat appraisal plays a key role in both the development and treatment of PTSD. It is unclear how these appraisals can best be measured. This study aimed to explore the specific negative outcome predictions held by patients with PTSD and to develop and validate the Threat Appraisal in PTSD Scale (TAPS).</p> Methods <p>We used data from a non-clinical (<i>N</i> = 309) and clinical sample (<i>N</i> = 125) to assess the psychometric properties of the TAPS.</p> Results <p>The TAPS had excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminative validity were adequate. The TAPS showed to be sensitive to change following treatment. The TAPS demonstrated incremental validity beyond general cognitions in predicting PTSD symptoms in the combined sample, but not in the patient sample. An exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors: ‘losing control’, ‘externalizing reactions’, and ‘physical reactions’, and patients seemed most concerned about outcomes related to ‘losing control’.</p> Conclusions <p>These findings imply that the TAPS could be clinically beneficial, enabling patients and therapists to recognize dysfunctional expectancies and tailor therapeutic interventions accordingly.</p>

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‘If I am Reminded of my Trauma, I will …’: Assessing Threat Expectancies for Being Confronted with Trauma Reminders

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月20日

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  • Marike Jolien Kooistra,
  • Agnes van Minnen,
  • Danielle Oprel,
  • Maartje Schoorl,
  • Willem van der Does,
  • Rianne de Kleine

摘要

Purpose

Dysfunctional threat appraisal plays a key role in both the development and treatment of PTSD. It is unclear how these appraisals can best be measured. This study aimed to explore the specific negative outcome predictions held by patients with PTSD and to develop and validate the Threat Appraisal in PTSD Scale (TAPS).

Methods

We used data from a non-clinical (N = 309) and clinical sample (N = 125) to assess the psychometric properties of the TAPS.

Results

The TAPS had excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminative validity were adequate. The TAPS showed to be sensitive to change following treatment. The TAPS demonstrated incremental validity beyond general cognitions in predicting PTSD symptoms in the combined sample, but not in the patient sample. An exploratory factor analysis suggested three factors: ‘losing control’, ‘externalizing reactions’, and ‘physical reactions’, and patients seemed most concerned about outcomes related to ‘losing control’.

Conclusions

These findings imply that the TAPS could be clinically beneficial, enabling patients and therapists to recognize dysfunctional expectancies and tailor therapeutic interventions accordingly.