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<p>Genetic diversity and its temporal-spatial distribution are key points for the adaptive potential of species. However, anthropogenic disturbances and ongoing climate change compromise the conservation of genetic resources, sessile organisms (e.g., plants) being the most affected. <i>Arnica montana</i> L. is a perennial Asteraceae species distributed across Europe, with important pharmaceutical, ecological and conservation value. However, genomic-level genetic studies are still lacking. To shed light on this gap, 12 locations distributed along the Iberian Peninsula, at the southern edge of the natural distribution of <i>A. montana</i>, were genomically assessed using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (2bRADseq) to identify loci under selection (i.e., outliers) and to compare patterns of genetic diversity and population structure inferred from putatively adaptive loci with those obtained from neutral markers. After quality filtering, a total of 5,675 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were identified in 120 individuals. Genetic diversity levels were low and differed significantly among the five SNP datasets analysed, including panels composed of neutral loci and loci putatively under divergent selection. No significant correlations were detected between genetic diversity estimates and the geographical variables considered (latitude, longitude, elevation and location area). Significant population structure was found in all these datasets, with some differences among them, suggesting local adaptations and providing a finer and higher-resolution view of population structure. Based on these findings, conservation should focus on in situ strategies, genetic reinforcement within management units, potential reintroductions if required, and maintaining high ecological quality of habitats.</p>

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Population genomics of Iberian Arnica montana unveils singular genetic diversity and signatures of adaptive variation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Fernando Cabana,
  • Adrián Casanova,
  • Manuel A. Rodríguez-Guitian,
  • Andrés Blanco,
  • Carlos Real,
  • Rosa Romero,
  • Carmen Bouza,
  • Manuel Vera

摘要

Genetic diversity and its temporal-spatial distribution are key points for the adaptive potential of species. However, anthropogenic disturbances and ongoing climate change compromise the conservation of genetic resources, sessile organisms (e.g., plants) being the most affected. Arnica montana L. is a perennial Asteraceae species distributed across Europe, with important pharmaceutical, ecological and conservation value. However, genomic-level genetic studies are still lacking. To shed light on this gap, 12 locations distributed along the Iberian Peninsula, at the southern edge of the natural distribution of A. montana, were genomically assessed using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (2bRADseq) to identify loci under selection (i.e., outliers) and to compare patterns of genetic diversity and population structure inferred from putatively adaptive loci with those obtained from neutral markers. After quality filtering, a total of 5,675 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) were identified in 120 individuals. Genetic diversity levels were low and differed significantly among the five SNP datasets analysed, including panels composed of neutral loci and loci putatively under divergent selection. No significant correlations were detected between genetic diversity estimates and the geographical variables considered (latitude, longitude, elevation and location area). Significant population structure was found in all these datasets, with some differences among them, suggesting local adaptations and providing a finer and higher-resolution view of population structure. Based on these findings, conservation should focus on in situ strategies, genetic reinforcement within management units, potential reintroductions if required, and maintaining high ecological quality of habitats.