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<p><i>Ternstroemia huasteca</i> is an endangered tree species endemic to the southern Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico, primarily confined to tropical montane cloud forests. Two population groups of this species are known: one in the Sierra Gorda region, spanning Querétaro and the northern part of Hidalgo, and another occurs in the Zacualtipán region of Hidalgo, extending into the Huayacocotla region of Veracruz. The conservation status of these populations and their degree of genetic diversity remain unknown. Given that habitat conservation forecasts are not optimistic and <i>T. huasteca</i> is already threatened, it is urgent to generate information about the conservation status, specifically regarding the genetic diversity of montane tree species. We genetically evaluated <i>T. huasteca</i> across its distribution range using a robust set of 16 microsatellite markers. Our results reveal relatively high genetic diversity (mean <i>H</i><sub><i>O</i></sub> = 0.64; mean <i>H</i><sub><i>E</i></sub> = 0.64) and moderate genetic differentiation (<i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> = 0.142). Genetic clustering revealed a clear separation between the Sierra Gorda and Zacualtipán populations, with substructure within the Zacualtipán group. We also detected a significant isolation-by-distance pattern, suggesting that gene flow decreases with increasing geographic distance. We found evidence of inbreeding and low genetic diversity in one population under silvicultural management. Our findings highlight the urgent need for conservation strategies that enhance connectivity and genetic diversity to ensure the long-term viability of montane forest species, given the ongoing anthropogenic pressures and climate change.</p>

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Genetic diversity and differentiation of Ternstroemia huasteca (Pentaphylacaceae) in Eastern Mexico: insights for its conservation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Hernán Alvarado-Sizzo,
  • Edna Arévalo-Marín,
  • Othón Alcántara-Ayala,
  • Gerardo Rivas,
  • Isolda Luna-Vega

摘要

Ternstroemia huasteca is an endangered tree species endemic to the southern Sierra Madre Oriental in Mexico, primarily confined to tropical montane cloud forests. Two population groups of this species are known: one in the Sierra Gorda region, spanning Querétaro and the northern part of Hidalgo, and another occurs in the Zacualtipán region of Hidalgo, extending into the Huayacocotla region of Veracruz. The conservation status of these populations and their degree of genetic diversity remain unknown. Given that habitat conservation forecasts are not optimistic and T. huasteca is already threatened, it is urgent to generate information about the conservation status, specifically regarding the genetic diversity of montane tree species. We genetically evaluated T. huasteca across its distribution range using a robust set of 16 microsatellite markers. Our results reveal relatively high genetic diversity (mean HO = 0.64; mean HE = 0.64) and moderate genetic differentiation (FST = 0.142). Genetic clustering revealed a clear separation between the Sierra Gorda and Zacualtipán populations, with substructure within the Zacualtipán group. We also detected a significant isolation-by-distance pattern, suggesting that gene flow decreases with increasing geographic distance. We found evidence of inbreeding and low genetic diversity in one population under silvicultural management. Our findings highlight the urgent need for conservation strategies that enhance connectivity and genetic diversity to ensure the long-term viability of montane forest species, given the ongoing anthropogenic pressures and climate change.