<p>Mediatization of music performance on short-video platforms highlights how digital technologies and platform-specific features shape the creation, presentation, and consumption of music. These platforms emphasize algorithmic visibility, audience interaction, and the construction of new performer identities. This study investigates how Chengdu musicians engage with such platforms to build identity and connect with audiences, while also examining differences in usage shaped by platform characteristics. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines survey data from 674 respondents with thematic analyses of musician interviews. Quantitative analysis using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations revealed weak but significant associations between user engagement and entertainment value, as well as between user motivation and performer identity. Basic statistical results showed demographic differences—such as age, gender, occupation, and musical background—in shaping short-video activities. The qualitative findings demonstrated how musicians adjust performance aesthetics to align with algorithms, balance authenticity with visibility, and embed cultural identity in their content. Audiences valued entertaining, authentic, and culturally relevant performances. While musicians acknowledged artistic limitations imposed by platform dynamics, they also recognized new opportunities for creative expression. Overall, the study underscores the transformative impact of digital mediatization and platformization on music performance and artist-audience relationships.</p>