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<p>This study presents a comprehensive blockchain-based architecture for national-scale immigration management using <i>Hyperledger Fabric</i>. Existing approaches to digital identity and border security remain fragmented, often limited to conceptual or isolated implementations. We propose a fully operational, permissioned blockchain framework that unifies identity verification, Anti-Money Laundering (AML) compliance, customs risk monitoring, and tax integration across government and financial authorities. The system is implemented and experimentally validated in a controlled environment to assess scalability, latency, and security. Benchmarking with <i>Hyperledger Caliper</i> demonstrates sustained throughput exceeding 200 transactions per second (TPS) with sub-second latency, even under multi-channel and cross-organizational endorsement policies. The AML module achieves a recall of 84.4% with near real-time detection latency (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(&lt; 2\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>&#xa0;s), while biometric verification attains an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 1.2%. A machine learning-driven risk scoring engine reaches an AUROC of 0.94, underscoring the feasibility of proactive, data-driven immigration screening. The proposed architecture combines empirical performance validation with formal privacy and security assurances, demonstrating that blockchain can serve as a high-assurance backbone for transparent, interoperable, and regulation-compliant digital governance.</p>

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Enhancing the security and transparency in immigration management using hyperledger fabric-based private blockchain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Khandakar Md Shafin,
  • Saha Reno

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive blockchain-based architecture for national-scale immigration management using Hyperledger Fabric. Existing approaches to digital identity and border security remain fragmented, often limited to conceptual or isolated implementations. We propose a fully operational, permissioned blockchain framework that unifies identity verification, Anti-Money Laundering (AML) compliance, customs risk monitoring, and tax integration across government and financial authorities. The system is implemented and experimentally validated in a controlled environment to assess scalability, latency, and security. Benchmarking with Hyperledger Caliper demonstrates sustained throughput exceeding 200 transactions per second (TPS) with sub-second latency, even under multi-channel and cross-organizational endorsement policies. The AML module achieves a recall of 84.4% with near real-time detection latency ( \(< 2\)  s), while biometric verification attains an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 1.2%. A machine learning-driven risk scoring engine reaches an AUROC of 0.94, underscoring the feasibility of proactive, data-driven immigration screening. The proposed architecture combines empirical performance validation with formal privacy and security assurances, demonstrating that blockchain can serve as a high-assurance backbone for transparent, interoperable, and regulation-compliant digital governance.