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<p>This research discusses a distinct 4-element wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna aimed at 5G sub-6&#xa0;GHz applications. Here, a single-element, 4-element design, a 4-element antenna with connected ground and crossed stubs loaded is analysed and discussed. The dimensions of proposed single and 4-element structures are 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup> (0.03 λ<sub>0</sub> × 0.33 λ<sub>0</sub>, where λ<sub>0</sub> is calculated at lower band) and 100 × 100 × 1.6 mm<sup>3</sup> (1.15 λ<sub>0</sub> × 1.15 λ<sub>0</sub>) respectively. The corresponding working bands are 3.0 to 5.1&#xa0;GHz and 3.45 to 5.02&#xa0;GHz, respectively. The novelty of the work is isolation, which is improved by loading the optimised crossed stubs to the connected ground 4-element design. The surface current distribution of the structures is analysed to get the required bandwidth and isolation improvement. The peak gain and efficiency values of the proposed single and 4-element structures are also analysed. Crossed stubs loaded 4-element antenna is made up on a FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and the measured results are compared with the simulated ones. A decent agreement is attained between simulation and measurement results. The MIMO diversity metrics Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC<sub>sim</sub> ≤ 0.001 and ECC<sub>mea</sub> ≤ 0.002), Diversity gain (DG<sub>sim</sub>≈ 10dB and DG<sub>mea</sub>≈ 10dB), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC<sub>sim</sub>≤ 10dB and TARC<sub>mea</sub>≤ 10dB), Channel Capacity Losses (CCL<sub>sim</sub>≤0.03bits/s/Hz and CCL<sub>mea</sub>≤0.02 bits/s/Hz), Mean Effective Gain (MEG<sub>sim</sub>≈ -3dB and MEG<sub>mea</sub>≈ -3dB) and Mean Effective Gain Ratio (MEGR<sub>sim</sub>≈ 0dB and MEGR<sub>mea</sub>≈ 0dB) are calculated in both simulation and measurement processes. The 2D (simulated and measured) and 3D polar radiation patterns are discussed and analysed.</p>

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A novel external crossed stubs for high isolation characteristics of a 4-element wide-band MIMO antenna for 5G Sub-6 GHz application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Tathababu Addepalli,
  • Satish Kumar M,
  • Sivasubramanyam Medasani,
  • Padmaja Nimmagadda,
  • Chandrasekhar Rao Jetti,
  • J. Prasanth Kumar,
  • M. Venkata Sudhakar,
  • Bala Srinivas Peteti

摘要

This research discusses a distinct 4-element wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna aimed at 5G sub-6 GHz applications. Here, a single-element, 4-element design, a 4-element antenna with connected ground and crossed stubs loaded is analysed and discussed. The dimensions of proposed single and 4-element structures are 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm3 (0.03 λ0 × 0.33 λ0, where λ0 is calculated at lower band) and 100 × 100 × 1.6 mm3 (1.15 λ0 × 1.15 λ0) respectively. The corresponding working bands are 3.0 to 5.1 GHz and 3.45 to 5.02 GHz, respectively. The novelty of the work is isolation, which is improved by loading the optimised crossed stubs to the connected ground 4-element design. The surface current distribution of the structures is analysed to get the required bandwidth and isolation improvement. The peak gain and efficiency values of the proposed single and 4-element structures are also analysed. Crossed stubs loaded 4-element antenna is made up on a FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and the measured results are compared with the simulated ones. A decent agreement is attained between simulation and measurement results. The MIMO diversity metrics Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECCsim ≤ 0.001 and ECCmea ≤ 0.002), Diversity gain (DGsim≈ 10dB and DGmea≈ 10dB), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARCsim≤ 10dB and TARCmea≤ 10dB), Channel Capacity Losses (CCLsim≤0.03bits/s/Hz and CCLmea≤0.02 bits/s/Hz), Mean Effective Gain (MEGsim≈ -3dB and MEGmea≈ -3dB) and Mean Effective Gain Ratio (MEGRsim≈ 0dB and MEGRmea≈ 0dB) are calculated in both simulation and measurement processes. The 2D (simulated and measured) and 3D polar radiation patterns are discussed and analysed.