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<p>The growing need for secure underwater monitoring has spurred advancements in 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Barrier coverage (BC) is vital for detecting intrusions across boundaries in applications like submarine tracking and border protection. However, deploying UWSNs in challenging underwater environments presents issues such as dynamic node movement, energy limitations, and environmental impacts on sensor performance. This paper presents a high-performance, energy-efficient strategy for the 3-dimensional strong barrier coverage problem (3DSB) in UWSNs, focusing on extending network lifespan. We propose a probabilistic coverage model that addresses underwater uncertainties and a 3D stealth distance metric for evaluating intruder detection. Our proposed algorithm, referred to as STMF, models the barrier coverage as a maximum flow problem and employs a sensor assignment scheme to efficiently form an energy-aware, probabilistically strong barrier. The STMF algorithm minimizes sensor movement and optimizes energy use to create robust 3D barriers. Simulation results show significant network lifespan extension and effective coverage, making it ideal for large-scale underwater security applications.</p>

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Extending network lifespan and securing effective barrier coverage in 3D underwater wireless sensor networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Nguyen Thi My Binh,
  • Le Duc Anh Vu,
  • Nguyen Hoang Viet,
  • Huynh Thi Thanh Binh,
  • Ho Viet Duc Luong

摘要

The growing need for secure underwater monitoring has spurred advancements in 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Barrier coverage (BC) is vital for detecting intrusions across boundaries in applications like submarine tracking and border protection. However, deploying UWSNs in challenging underwater environments presents issues such as dynamic node movement, energy limitations, and environmental impacts on sensor performance. This paper presents a high-performance, energy-efficient strategy for the 3-dimensional strong barrier coverage problem (3DSB) in UWSNs, focusing on extending network lifespan. We propose a probabilistic coverage model that addresses underwater uncertainties and a 3D stealth distance metric for evaluating intruder detection. Our proposed algorithm, referred to as STMF, models the barrier coverage as a maximum flow problem and employs a sensor assignment scheme to efficiently form an energy-aware, probabilistically strong barrier. The STMF algorithm minimizes sensor movement and optimizes energy use to create robust 3D barriers. Simulation results show significant network lifespan extension and effective coverage, making it ideal for large-scale underwater security applications.