<p>Advances in cloud infrastructures inspire enterprise applications toward cloud-native design. As the most promising architecture for building cloud-native applications, microservice architecture has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry. Due to its inherent fine-grained modularity, independent deployment, scalability, and decentralization, microservice architecture exhibits great potential in meeting the demands of cloud-native applications for agile development and management. In recent years, we have witnessed many efforts from the research community and industrial practice to optimize layers of the full stack of microservice architecture. This study conducts a systematic literature review on microservice architecture by decoupling it into five stack layers: Decomposition, Placement, Resource Scheduling, Migration, and Anomaly Detection. Furthermore, we identify potential future directions from two perspectives, highlighting the modeling for real-world microservice characteristics and executing microservices on serverless efficiently.</p>