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<p>The adoption of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) enables infrastructure providers to deliver services as Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs), organized into Service Function Chains (SFCs) that span edge devices. SFCs enable dynamic service delivery across edge devices but present challenges in maintaining Quality of Service (QoS) and resource efficiency. When a single provider cannot meet an SFC’s requirements, collaboration among providers can enable partial service fulfillment, increasing both service availability and provider participation. To address this, the paper proposes a graph-based, blockchain-augmented approach for partitioning SFCs across multiple providers, with each handling a segment of the chain. This method allows each provider to handle a segment of the SFC, enhancing flexibility and efficiency. A layer-2 smart contract ensures trust in the auction-based decision process, even among autonomous providers with potentially conflicting interests. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our solution: compared to the state-of-the-art BRAIN*, our HEART-2 approach reduced winning bid prices by 23.2%, gas fees by 66.9%, and block rates by 94.4%. These findings demonstrate that our method offers a scalable, cost-efficient, and robust solution for resource allocation in virtualized edge computing environments. As far as we are concerned, this is the first layer-2 auction for resource allocation over multiple SFC providers.</p>

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HEART-2: High Efficient Auction-based Resource allocation Through layer-2 blockchain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Rayan G. Lima,
  • Evandro L. C. Macedo,
  • Thiago P. da Silva,
  • Flavia C. Delicato,
  • Paulo F. Pires,
  • Thais V. Batista,
  • Antonio A. de A. Rocha

摘要

The adoption of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) enables infrastructure providers to deliver services as Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs), organized into Service Function Chains (SFCs) that span edge devices. SFCs enable dynamic service delivery across edge devices but present challenges in maintaining Quality of Service (QoS) and resource efficiency. When a single provider cannot meet an SFC’s requirements, collaboration among providers can enable partial service fulfillment, increasing both service availability and provider participation. To address this, the paper proposes a graph-based, blockchain-augmented approach for partitioning SFCs across multiple providers, with each handling a segment of the chain. This method allows each provider to handle a segment of the SFC, enhancing flexibility and efficiency. A layer-2 smart contract ensures trust in the auction-based decision process, even among autonomous providers with potentially conflicting interests. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of our solution: compared to the state-of-the-art BRAIN*, our HEART-2 approach reduced winning bid prices by 23.2%, gas fees by 66.9%, and block rates by 94.4%. These findings demonstrate that our method offers a scalable, cost-efficient, and robust solution for resource allocation in virtualized edge computing environments. As far as we are concerned, this is the first layer-2 auction for resource allocation over multiple SFC providers.