<p>Blockchain technology has emerged as an innovative solution to enhance food safety in the food supply chain process by ensuring effective distributed data management and providing consumers with traceability and transparency of food products. However, the scalability of the blockchain reduces the time efficiency of traceability queries, as the search must be performed sequentially across blocks. This paper addresses this issue and proposes integrating the B-tree indexing technique with blockchain technology to optimize traceability queries and improve the time efficiency of inter-block searches. Initially, we designed a new blockchain network with a modified transaction data structure that includes fabrication time as a new attribute. Then, we created a function to compute the minimum and maximum fabrication times within each block, thereby establishing a range [FabTime_MIN, FabTime_MAX] specific to the block’s transactions. These ranges are stored in the B-tree structure along with their corresponding block numbers and are continuously updated with each block creation until they encompass all the ranges and associated block numbers within the blockchain network. This process allows us to locate relevant blocks containing traceability data and then perform the traceability query only in these identified blocks. The simulation was conducted using the Hyperledger Fabric framework, which supports food supply chain scenarios. The obtained results show that the proposed solution improves search time without altering quality compared to the standard method.</p>