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<p>Multiple radio access technologies (RATs) encompass various communication mechanisms that connect user equipment to the core network. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ensures devices can connect to the core network using different RATs (i.e., gNB-NR, Wi-Fi, etc.). The decision to choose the appropriate RAT for individual connections causes a delay in the data transmission process. The standard 5G as defined in 3GPP specification utilizes a common interface to access multiple RATs, whereas the 5G Flow network not only utilizes a unified access network interface to access the multiple RATs, but also one common central controller that controls the connection to avoid delay and throughput losses. To achieve this, the 5G Flow network uses a software-defined network controller and an open flow switch, based on the open flow protocols. This enables centralized control of the RAT as well as decoupling of communication between UE and the core network. On the other hand, the user association also plays a vital role in the RAT selection process which balances the traffic load on the multiple RATs. This paper presents a user association cum RAT selection algorithm which is based on a utility function that takes into account both the user priority and SNR value. The proposed algorithm makes efficient load balancing in multiple RATs and performs well under heavy traffic load especially in eMBB environment. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with 5G Standard and 5G Flow user association approaches under varying circumstances and service priorities. The experimental evaluations are validated using throughput, delay, and spectral efficiency metrics. The results demonstrated a significant gain in the performance of the proposed user association algorithm as compared to the reference study.</p>

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QoS-aware user association and RAT selection mechanism in 5G flow networks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月29日

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  • Rajesh Kumar,
  • Deepak Sinwar,
  • Vijander Singh

摘要

Multiple radio access technologies (RATs) encompass various communication mechanisms that connect user equipment to the core network. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ensures devices can connect to the core network using different RATs (i.e., gNB-NR, Wi-Fi, etc.). The decision to choose the appropriate RAT for individual connections causes a delay in the data transmission process. The standard 5G as defined in 3GPP specification utilizes a common interface to access multiple RATs, whereas the 5G Flow network not only utilizes a unified access network interface to access the multiple RATs, but also one common central controller that controls the connection to avoid delay and throughput losses. To achieve this, the 5G Flow network uses a software-defined network controller and an open flow switch, based on the open flow protocols. This enables centralized control of the RAT as well as decoupling of communication between UE and the core network. On the other hand, the user association also plays a vital role in the RAT selection process which balances the traffic load on the multiple RATs. This paper presents a user association cum RAT selection algorithm which is based on a utility function that takes into account both the user priority and SNR value. The proposed algorithm makes efficient load balancing in multiple RATs and performs well under heavy traffic load especially in eMBB environment. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with 5G Standard and 5G Flow user association approaches under varying circumstances and service priorities. The experimental evaluations are validated using throughput, delay, and spectral efficiency metrics. The results demonstrated a significant gain in the performance of the proposed user association algorithm as compared to the reference study.