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<p>As a promising technology, blockchain has widespread application in many decentralized systems. However, scalability is still a major challenge to blockchain adoption. Sharding is a potential method for scaling blockchain. Yet, in current implementations, the complexity of cross-shard transactions and the imbalance of shard workloads have become key factors hindering its potential performance. We propose ALB-Chain, a meticulously designed blockchain system aimed at achieving exceptional scalability and balancing the workload across all shards. In ALB-Chain, we introduce a replica account mechanism, which transforms cross-shard transactions into intra-shard transactions, thereby enhancing transaction throughput. Additionally, we introduce a lightweight Account Aggregation Message(AAM), which supports batch aggregation and threshold signatures. To optimize system performance and ensure balanced workload distribution among shards, we have specially designed a dynamic partitioning algorithm named MLPA. The algorithm dynamically adjusts task allocation among shards based on each shard’s operating status and historical data, ensuring the system remains efficient and stable. We conducted transaction-driven simulations using real Ethereum transaction datasets. Experimental results indicate that ALB-Chain outperforms other benchmarks in throughput, transaction processing latency, shard load balancing, and the size of pending transactions.</p>

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ALB-Chain: achieving scalability and load balance blockchain sharding

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Aihua Wu,
  • Chunyang Hua

摘要

As a promising technology, blockchain has widespread application in many decentralized systems. However, scalability is still a major challenge to blockchain adoption. Sharding is a potential method for scaling blockchain. Yet, in current implementations, the complexity of cross-shard transactions and the imbalance of shard workloads have become key factors hindering its potential performance. We propose ALB-Chain, a meticulously designed blockchain system aimed at achieving exceptional scalability and balancing the workload across all shards. In ALB-Chain, we introduce a replica account mechanism, which transforms cross-shard transactions into intra-shard transactions, thereby enhancing transaction throughput. Additionally, we introduce a lightweight Account Aggregation Message(AAM), which supports batch aggregation and threshold signatures. To optimize system performance and ensure balanced workload distribution among shards, we have specially designed a dynamic partitioning algorithm named MLPA. The algorithm dynamically adjusts task allocation among shards based on each shard’s operating status and historical data, ensuring the system remains efficient and stable. We conducted transaction-driven simulations using real Ethereum transaction datasets. Experimental results indicate that ALB-Chain outperforms other benchmarks in throughput, transaction processing latency, shard load balancing, and the size of pending transactions.