<p>Climate change is a major threat to marine organisms, including bivalves. Numerous studies have shown that ocean warming negatively affects the physiology of bivalves and can, in severe cases, cause mass mortality. However, it remains unclear how ocean warming will affect the sustainability of bivalve aquaculture in the near future. Therefore, this study was conducted to provide an overview of the effects of ocean warming on the sustainability of bivalve aquaculture, specifically from the perspective of the bioavailability of phytoplankton to bivalves. In general, ocean warming reduces the abundance of phytoplankton and causes significant shifts in phytoplankton composition in the world’s oceans, primarily shifts the phytoplankton community structure toward smaller taxa, which diverts more energy from the grazing food web to the detrital food web. Because bivalves are selective filter feeders, the shift in phytoplankton community structure toward smaller taxa becomes more pronounced, further reducing the availability of phytoplankton to bivalves and negatively affecting the carrying capacity of bivalve aquaculture. The information presented in this review improves our understanding of how ocean warming affects the sustainability of bivalve aquaculture. Furthermore, it aids in formulating effective management plans for improved governance of bivalve aquaculture and selection of farming areas.</p>