<p>This study investigates the impact of climate change on school enrollment in developing countries and examines the role of climate finance in moderating these effects. Using unbalanced panel data from 122 developing countries over the period 1980 to 2022, we find that extreme heat significantly reduces net enrollment rates in secondary education. The negative effects are more pronounced for girls. Mechanism analysis suggests that declines in agricultural income caused by extreme heat are a key pathway through which climate change affects education. In addition, both adaptation and education-related climate finance contribute to mitigating the adverse effects of extreme heat on lower secondary enrollment and gender disparities in education. The moderating effects are stronger in least developed countries and in those with higher governance capacity. These findings highlight the educational consequences of climate stress and emphasize the importance of targeted climate investment in strengthening the resilience of education systems in vulnerable regions.</p>