<p>This study examined the impacts of family, school, and peer social capital on adolescent depressive symptoms and the mediating roles of multidimensional resilience. Two-wave longitudinal data were collected from 2,256 students in one high school in Wusu, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. An autoregressive model with longitudinal mediation across two waves was constructed. Results show that family social capital positively predicted subsequent intrapersonal assets and external resources (the two resilience dimensions), whereas school social capital positively predicted subsequent intrapersonal assets. Family social capital and the resilience dimensions negatively predicted depressive symptoms. Peer social capital had marginally significant adverse effects on depressive symptoms. Both dimensions of resilience significantly mediated the impacts of family social capital on depressive symptoms, and intrapersonal assets significantly mediated that of school social capital. Findings of this study underscore the importance of developing comprehensive interventions incorporating social capital and resilience to alleviate adolescent depressive symptoms.</p>