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<p>Psychological resilience could buffer against depression in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM). However, longitudinal studies are required to establish the direction and temporal sequence of the association between CM, psychological resilience, and depression. The baseline sample included 1,608 seventh-grade students (54% boys) from the China Early Adolescent Cohort (CEAC) study, with an average age of 12.49&#xa0;years (SD = 0.48). Assessments were conducted at three time points: September 2019, September 2020, and September 2021. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate whether the bidirectional association between depression and resilience was identified in the context of CM. Childhood maltreatment, particularly emotional abuse, was a significant predictor of depression and resilience (β = 0.403, P &lt; 0.001; β = -0.199, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). A significant bidirectional cross-lagged effect between resilience and depression was identified, with the negative impact of depression on resilience being more persistent and stable over time. Furthermore, sex differences were observed; the bidirectional association was significant only among boys, while for girls, only the negative effect of depression on resilience was significant. These findings underscore the importance of interventions that simultaneously enhance resilience and reduce depressive symptoms, with tailored strategies to address sex-specific needs in mitigating the effects of CM on adolescent mental health.</p>

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Bidirectional Association Between Psychological Resilience and Depression in Early Adolescents: the Predictive Role of Childhood Maltreatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Min Li,
  • Yunyun Zhao,
  • Ting Tang,
  • Yonghan Li,
  • Xueying Zhang,
  • Puyu Su,
  • Gengfu Wang

摘要

Psychological resilience could buffer against depression in individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment (CM). However, longitudinal studies are required to establish the direction and temporal sequence of the association between CM, psychological resilience, and depression. The baseline sample included 1,608 seventh-grade students (54% boys) from the China Early Adolescent Cohort (CEAC) study, with an average age of 12.49 years (SD = 0.48). Assessments were conducted at three time points: September 2019, September 2020, and September 2021. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate whether the bidirectional association between depression and resilience was identified in the context of CM. Childhood maltreatment, particularly emotional abuse, was a significant predictor of depression and resilience (β = 0.403, P < 0.001; β = -0.199, P < 0.001, respectively). A significant bidirectional cross-lagged effect between resilience and depression was identified, with the negative impact of depression on resilience being more persistent and stable over time. Furthermore, sex differences were observed; the bidirectional association was significant only among boys, while for girls, only the negative effect of depression on resilience was significant. These findings underscore the importance of interventions that simultaneously enhance resilience and reduce depressive symptoms, with tailored strategies to address sex-specific needs in mitigating the effects of CM on adolescent mental health.