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<p>The massive use of plastic materials derived from fossil fuels and their consequent environmental accumulation have driven the search for more sustainable alternatives. Among them, biopolymer-based materials such as cellulose stand out, as they are not only abundant and renewable but also readily available from lignocellulosic waste, promoting a circular economy. This study analyses porous structures derived from vine shoots’ waste biomass, specifically foams and aerogels obtained via freeze-drying and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> drying. Parameters such as density (15–70&#xa0;mg/cm<sup>3</sup>), shrinkage (15–75%), microstructure (wide range of pore sizes up to 3&#xa0;µm, surface area up to 67 m<sup>2</sup>/g), mechanical strength (up to 37 N/cm<sup>2</sup>), and thermal conductivity (29–36 mW/mK) were evaluated to determine the most optimal ones in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness. Finally, the efficiency of polylactic acid (PLA) as a reinforcement was examined to improve the hydrophobicity and sorption capacity (between 5 and 20&#xa0;g water/g in sorption capacity measurements) and mechanical strength (up to sixfold) of the materials, making them more competitive in various applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Tuning the microstructure of cellulosic porous materials: foams, cryogels and aerogels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Jorge Pérez-Ochando,
  • Miguel Sánchez-Soto,
  • Isaac Benito-González

摘要

The massive use of plastic materials derived from fossil fuels and their consequent environmental accumulation have driven the search for more sustainable alternatives. Among them, biopolymer-based materials such as cellulose stand out, as they are not only abundant and renewable but also readily available from lignocellulosic waste, promoting a circular economy. This study analyses porous structures derived from vine shoots’ waste biomass, specifically foams and aerogels obtained via freeze-drying and supercritical CO2 drying. Parameters such as density (15–70 mg/cm3), shrinkage (15–75%), microstructure (wide range of pore sizes up to 3 µm, surface area up to 67 m2/g), mechanical strength (up to 37 N/cm2), and thermal conductivity (29–36 mW/mK) were evaluated to determine the most optimal ones in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness. Finally, the efficiency of polylactic acid (PLA) as a reinforcement was examined to improve the hydrophobicity and sorption capacity (between 5 and 20 g water/g in sorption capacity measurements) and mechanical strength (up to sixfold) of the materials, making them more competitive in various applications.

Graphical abstract