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<p>Natural fiber composites (NFCs) are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials in automotive applications. This study explores the development and characterization of <i>Terminalia arjuna</i> (TA) fiber-reinforced bio-composites fabricated using four different epoxy matrices (C1–C4), each with 35% fiber loading. Among the variants, the C2 composite exhibited superior overall performance, showing ~ 13% higher tensile strength (TS), ~ 27% greater impact resistance, and ~ 16% better thermal stability compared to the poorest performing C4. Conversely, C2 also exhibited the lowest water absorption (5.21%) and thickness swelling (TE) (8.16%), along with a higher storage modulus (E′) (8.921&#xa0;GPa) and glass transition temperature (113.2&#xa0;°C), indicating excellent dimensional and thermal stability. The C3 composite showed the lowest void content (1.83%) and the highest hardness (99.21 HRC), while C4 composites were the most cost-effective. To better understand the fibrous and interfacial characteristics, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The MARCOS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method confirmed C2 as the most balanced and high-performing composite for automotive interior and semi-structural applications. Future work will focus on hybridizing TA fibers with other natural reinforcements, integrating nano-fillers to enhance multifunctionality, and applying AI-driven optimization techniques to scale up processing for industrial deployment.</p>

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Evaluation of Terminalia Arjuna fiber-reinforced bio-composites for automotive applications: physical, mechanical, thermal, and cost analysis using MCDM-based optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月1日

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  • T. Sathish,
  • Jayant Giri,
  • R. Saravanan,
  • Hassen Sabeur,
  • Mustafa Abdullah,
  • A. Anderson

摘要

Natural fiber composites (NFCs) are increasingly recognized as sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials in automotive applications. This study explores the development and characterization of Terminalia arjuna (TA) fiber-reinforced bio-composites fabricated using four different epoxy matrices (C1–C4), each with 35% fiber loading. Among the variants, the C2 composite exhibited superior overall performance, showing ~ 13% higher tensile strength (TS), ~ 27% greater impact resistance, and ~ 16% better thermal stability compared to the poorest performing C4. Conversely, C2 also exhibited the lowest water absorption (5.21%) and thickness swelling (TE) (8.16%), along with a higher storage modulus (E′) (8.921 GPa) and glass transition temperature (113.2 °C), indicating excellent dimensional and thermal stability. The C3 composite showed the lowest void content (1.83%) and the highest hardness (99.21 HRC), while C4 composites were the most cost-effective. To better understand the fibrous and interfacial characteristics, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were conducted. The MARCOS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method confirmed C2 as the most balanced and high-performing composite for automotive interior and semi-structural applications. Future work will focus on hybridizing TA fibers with other natural reinforcements, integrating nano-fillers to enhance multifunctionality, and applying AI-driven optimization techniques to scale up processing for industrial deployment.