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<p>Deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment followed by mechanical fibrillation is a promising approach for producing lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNFs) with enhanced properties. Despite considerable efforts to optimize DES pretreatment conditions, the effect of the washing solvent, specifically its water content, on lignin content and LCNF properties has been largely overlooked. This study investigates the impact of water content in a dioxane/water washing solvent following DES pretreatment on red pine wood powder using a choline chloride/lactic acid DES. The variation in pretreatment yield and lignin content were first analyzed. Subsequent mechanical fibrillation produced LCNFs with differing lignin contents. Increase in the water content from 20% to 100% resulted in a tenfold increase in lignin content. This increase in lignin led to structural changes, including thicker fibrils with reduced crystallinity and mechanical strength. Surprisingly, variations in lignin did not significantly affect the hydrophobicity of the LCNF films, and while lignin content enhanced antioxidant and UV-blocking properties, thermal stability saw minimal improvement—likely due to lignin degradation from acidic DES conditions as evident from GPC and NMR analysis. This study presents a simple method to control lignin content in LCNFs by adjusting washing solvent water content, enabling tailored LCNF properties for specific applications.</p>

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Water in the washing solvent after deep eutectic solvent pretreatment affects properties of lignocellulose nanofibrils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Gu‑Joong Kwon,
  • Rajkumar Bandi,
  • Seung-Woo Cho,
  • Ramakrishna Dadigala,
  • Bong‑Suk Yang,
  • Song-Yi Han,
  • Seung-Hwan Lee

摘要

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment followed by mechanical fibrillation is a promising approach for producing lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNFs) with enhanced properties. Despite considerable efforts to optimize DES pretreatment conditions, the effect of the washing solvent, specifically its water content, on lignin content and LCNF properties has been largely overlooked. This study investigates the impact of water content in a dioxane/water washing solvent following DES pretreatment on red pine wood powder using a choline chloride/lactic acid DES. The variation in pretreatment yield and lignin content were first analyzed. Subsequent mechanical fibrillation produced LCNFs with differing lignin contents. Increase in the water content from 20% to 100% resulted in a tenfold increase in lignin content. This increase in lignin led to structural changes, including thicker fibrils with reduced crystallinity and mechanical strength. Surprisingly, variations in lignin did not significantly affect the hydrophobicity of the LCNF films, and while lignin content enhanced antioxidant and UV-blocking properties, thermal stability saw minimal improvement—likely due to lignin degradation from acidic DES conditions as evident from GPC and NMR analysis. This study presents a simple method to control lignin content in LCNFs by adjusting washing solvent water content, enabling tailored LCNF properties for specific applications.