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<p>The inherent flammability and poor Ultraviolet (UV)-blocking properties of cotton fabric make it fail to meet the growing demands for health protection and functional apparel. To broaden its applications, imparting dual functionality, both flame retardancy and UV protection, has become a research hotspot in the functionalization of cotton fabrics. Using biomass-derived wool keratin (WK), tea polyphenols (TP), and phenyl-phosphonic acid (PPOA) as raw materials, a simple “dipping and spraying” method is employed to endow cotton fabrics with flame retardant and UV-resistant properties in this paper. The thermal stability, combustion performance, flame retardancy and UV resistance of fabrics before and after finishing are analyzed using synchronous thermal analyzer, micro combustion calorimeter, limiting oxygen index tester, vertical burning tester and fabric UV protection factor analyzer. More importantly, a characterization method was proposed to evaluate the synergistic effects (SE) of three raw materials in the composite finishing of phosphorus-nitrogen biomass materials on the f flame retardant and UV-resistant functions of cotton fabrics. The results indicate that both single/dual/triple-component finished cotton fabrics exhibit a decrease in the initial decomposition temperature (T<sub>5%</sub>), an increase of char residue and a higher limiting oxygen index (LOI), demonstrating a notable trend of low-temperature dehydration. In addition, the finished cotton fabrics containing WK component all display a four-stage thermal degradation characteristic, and the cotton fabric finished with five-dip-five-nip process using triple-component WK/TP/PPOA presents significant improvement in flame-retardant and anti-UV function, with LOI value and UV protection factor (UPF) of up to 31.03% and 35.4, respectively. Moreover, in the dual-component system, the TP/PPOA combination exhibits a more pronounced LOI SE in flame retardancy, while the WK/TP combination demonstrates a more prominent UPF SE in UV-resistance. In the triple-component system, the comprehensive SE in flame retardancy and UV-resistance is much more obvious for the cotton fabric finished with a one-dip-one-nip process. This study can be applied into these products such as outdoor sportswear, sunshade tents and hats, etc., providing a reference for the development of textiles with durable flame retardant and UV resistant integrated functions.</p>

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Synergistic effect of nitrogen phosphorus biomass composite finishing on flame retardancy and UV resistance of cotton fabrics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • Xiaowen Cheng,
  • Shuping Liu,
  • Qiaofeng Wei,
  • Ru Zhang,
  • Shujing Li,
  • Xilin Liao,
  • Rangtong Liu

摘要

The inherent flammability and poor Ultraviolet (UV)-blocking properties of cotton fabric make it fail to meet the growing demands for health protection and functional apparel. To broaden its applications, imparting dual functionality, both flame retardancy and UV protection, has become a research hotspot in the functionalization of cotton fabrics. Using biomass-derived wool keratin (WK), tea polyphenols (TP), and phenyl-phosphonic acid (PPOA) as raw materials, a simple “dipping and spraying” method is employed to endow cotton fabrics with flame retardant and UV-resistant properties in this paper. The thermal stability, combustion performance, flame retardancy and UV resistance of fabrics before and after finishing are analyzed using synchronous thermal analyzer, micro combustion calorimeter, limiting oxygen index tester, vertical burning tester and fabric UV protection factor analyzer. More importantly, a characterization method was proposed to evaluate the synergistic effects (SE) of three raw materials in the composite finishing of phosphorus-nitrogen biomass materials on the f flame retardant and UV-resistant functions of cotton fabrics. The results indicate that both single/dual/triple-component finished cotton fabrics exhibit a decrease in the initial decomposition temperature (T5%), an increase of char residue and a higher limiting oxygen index (LOI), demonstrating a notable trend of low-temperature dehydration. In addition, the finished cotton fabrics containing WK component all display a four-stage thermal degradation characteristic, and the cotton fabric finished with five-dip-five-nip process using triple-component WK/TP/PPOA presents significant improvement in flame-retardant and anti-UV function, with LOI value and UV protection factor (UPF) of up to 31.03% and 35.4, respectively. Moreover, in the dual-component system, the TP/PPOA combination exhibits a more pronounced LOI SE in flame retardancy, while the WK/TP combination demonstrates a more prominent UPF SE in UV-resistance. In the triple-component system, the comprehensive SE in flame retardancy and UV-resistance is much more obvious for the cotton fabric finished with a one-dip-one-nip process. This study can be applied into these products such as outdoor sportswear, sunshade tents and hats, etc., providing a reference for the development of textiles with durable flame retardant and UV resistant integrated functions.