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<p>Dimensional stability is an important wood quality parameters that can be enhanced through chemical modification. This study examined the dimensional stabilization of two non-timber wood species from north-eastern India: <i>Erythrina lysistemon</i> and <i>Ficus racemosa</i> (syn. <i>Ficus glomerata Roxb.</i>). Vinyl acetate (VA) and acetic anhydride (AA) are used as reagents for chemical modification. The chemical reactions led to ester bond formation by replacing hydroxy (–OH) groups within the wood. The relatively higher weight percentage gain (WPG%) observed with VA, reaching up to 12.99% suggests better permeability in both species, whereas AA produced a maximum WPG% of 10.30%. Dimensional stabilization varied significantly with the type of reagent, as reflected by volume change (VC%), volumetric swelling coefficient (S%), and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE%). Statistical analysis were conducted to validate these differences. Leaching tests confirmed high chemical stability with negligible leachable residues. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed the esterification and OH- reduction while the relative degree of acetylation from FTIR and the degree of substitution (DS) from NMR provided a more comprehensive understanding of the modification behavior. Chemical and structural modifications were investigated through the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The contact angle test, color analysis, and gloss value measurements validated the enhanced quality of the treated wood. Compressive strength analysis indicated that the original mechanical strength of the wood was retained after acetylation. This study demonstrates that fast-growing non-timber wood species exhibit significantly improved dimensional stability after chemical modification with selected reagents.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Dimensional stability of non-timber wood treated with vinyl acetate and acetic anhydride

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Partha Majumder,
  • Ashutosh Namdeo,
  • Sourja Ghosh,
  • Swapnali Hazarika

摘要

Dimensional stability is an important wood quality parameters that can be enhanced through chemical modification. This study examined the dimensional stabilization of two non-timber wood species from north-eastern India: Erythrina lysistemon and Ficus racemosa (syn. Ficus glomerata Roxb.). Vinyl acetate (VA) and acetic anhydride (AA) are used as reagents for chemical modification. The chemical reactions led to ester bond formation by replacing hydroxy (–OH) groups within the wood. The relatively higher weight percentage gain (WPG%) observed with VA, reaching up to 12.99% suggests better permeability in both species, whereas AA produced a maximum WPG% of 10.30%. Dimensional stabilization varied significantly with the type of reagent, as reflected by volume change (VC%), volumetric swelling coefficient (S%), and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE%). Statistical analysis were conducted to validate these differences. Leaching tests confirmed high chemical stability with negligible leachable residues. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed the esterification and OH- reduction while the relative degree of acetylation from FTIR and the degree of substitution (DS) from NMR provided a more comprehensive understanding of the modification behavior. Chemical and structural modifications were investigated through the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The contact angle test, color analysis, and gloss value measurements validated the enhanced quality of the treated wood. Compressive strength analysis indicated that the original mechanical strength of the wood was retained after acetylation. This study demonstrates that fast-growing non-timber wood species exhibit significantly improved dimensional stability after chemical modification with selected reagents.

Graphical abstract