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<p>This study presents a pioneering approach to developing multifunctional textiles by decorating cellulosic cotton fabric with cobalt ferrite (CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles (NPs) via a co-precipitation method, enabling both photocatalytic self-cleaning and antibacterial functionalities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis affirmed that decorating the fabric substrate with CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs was effectively performed without any change in the crystalline structure and the existing bonds within the substrate. Structural, morphological, and elemental analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed a coral-like nanoparticle morphology, with 30&#xa0;nm particles uniformly distributed across the fiber surface. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) showed that the decorated fabric exhibits properties equivalent to a semiconductor with a band gap of 2.2&#xa0;eV after the decoration process, enhancing its photocatalytic activity under visible light. Wettability measurements confirmed the hydrophilic nature of the decorated fabric. A notable correlation was observed between wettability, fiber morphology, and specific surface area. Under 180&#xa0;min of visible light irradiation, the optimized sample achieved 91% degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) at a surface-to-solution ratio of 0.04 cm<sup>2</sup>/mL, which exceeded 99% when the ratio was quadrupled. The fabric also demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining high performance over three consecutive cycles. However, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) (38%) and Methyl Orange (MO) (38%) was significantly lower than that for MB (99%). Additionally, the sample with the highest photocatalytic activity exhibited strong antibacterial effects, reducing Gram-negative and Gram-positive colonies by over 70% and 99%, respectively, within 24&#xa0;h. These remarkable photocatalytic and antibacterial performances highlight the potential of CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-decorated cotton fabrics as environmentally friendly and reusable candidate materials for multifunctional textile and pollution control applications.</p>

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Multifunctional cobalt ferrite-decorated cotton fabric: achieving photocatalytic self-cleaning and antibacterial properties for environmental applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Habib Yadegari,
  • Kiandokht Zarezadeh,
  • Arezoo Bahman Abadi,
  • Saeed Sheibani

摘要

This study presents a pioneering approach to developing multifunctional textiles by decorating cellulosic cotton fabric with cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs) via a co-precipitation method, enabling both photocatalytic self-cleaning and antibacterial functionalities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis affirmed that decorating the fabric substrate with CoFe2O4 NPs was effectively performed without any change in the crystalline structure and the existing bonds within the substrate. Structural, morphological, and elemental analyses using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed a coral-like nanoparticle morphology, with 30 nm particles uniformly distributed across the fiber surface. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) showed that the decorated fabric exhibits properties equivalent to a semiconductor with a band gap of 2.2 eV after the decoration process, enhancing its photocatalytic activity under visible light. Wettability measurements confirmed the hydrophilic nature of the decorated fabric. A notable correlation was observed between wettability, fiber morphology, and specific surface area. Under 180 min of visible light irradiation, the optimized sample achieved 91% degradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) at a surface-to-solution ratio of 0.04 cm2/mL, which exceeded 99% when the ratio was quadrupled. The fabric also demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining high performance over three consecutive cycles. However, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) (38%) and Methyl Orange (MO) (38%) was significantly lower than that for MB (99%). Additionally, the sample with the highest photocatalytic activity exhibited strong antibacterial effects, reducing Gram-negative and Gram-positive colonies by over 70% and 99%, respectively, within 24 h. These remarkable photocatalytic and antibacterial performances highlight the potential of CoFe2O4-decorated cotton fabrics as environmentally friendly and reusable candidate materials for multifunctional textile and pollution control applications.