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<p>This study develops biodegradable rice starch-based foams (RSFs), using modified used palm oil (mUPO) as a plasticiser and rice husk (RH), a lignocellulosic agricultural residue containing significant biogenic silica, as a reinforcing filler, both derived from household and agricultural wastes. The RSFs were produced through a simple, low-energy process and exhibited marked improvements in structural integrity, moisture resistance, and thermal stability. Incorporation of mUPO enhanced foam expansion and flexibility, reducing shrinkage from 27.2 to 24.4% and lowering moisture uptake from 5.9 to 1.7%. The addition of RH acted as both a reinforcing and nucleating filler, further refining pore size and raising impact strength from 4.0 to 11.9&#xa0;J/m at 5 phr (parts per hundered parts of starch by weight). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test confirmed that the improvements in pore size, shrinkage, and moisture resistance were statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), validating the combined effect of mUPO and RH. The dual-waste formulation also increased thermal stability and shifted glass transition behaviour, reflecting the complementary roles of plasticisation by mUPO and reinforcement by RH. Overall, the results highlight waste-to-value strategies that transform low-cost secondary products into high-performance RSF, offering promising potential in sustainable packaging, insulation, and lightweight protective materials for the food, logistics, and construction sectors. Among the tested formulations, RSFs containing 6 phr mUPO as plasticiser and 5 phr RH as reinforcement represented the optimum composition, making it particularly promising for eco-friendly packaging, cushioning, and insulation applications where both mechanical robustness and dimensional stability are required.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced performance of thermoplastic starch foams using waste-based plasticizer and rice husk filler

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月29日

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  • Wichain Chailad,
  • Kullawadee Sungsanit,
  • Liu Yang,
  • Nathapong Sukhawipat

摘要

This study develops biodegradable rice starch-based foams (RSFs), using modified used palm oil (mUPO) as a plasticiser and rice husk (RH), a lignocellulosic agricultural residue containing significant biogenic silica, as a reinforcing filler, both derived from household and agricultural wastes. The RSFs were produced through a simple, low-energy process and exhibited marked improvements in structural integrity, moisture resistance, and thermal stability. Incorporation of mUPO enhanced foam expansion and flexibility, reducing shrinkage from 27.2 to 24.4% and lowering moisture uptake from 5.9 to 1.7%. The addition of RH acted as both a reinforcing and nucleating filler, further refining pore size and raising impact strength from 4.0 to 11.9 J/m at 5 phr (parts per hundered parts of starch by weight). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test confirmed that the improvements in pore size, shrinkage, and moisture resistance were statistically significant (p < 0.05), validating the combined effect of mUPO and RH. The dual-waste formulation also increased thermal stability and shifted glass transition behaviour, reflecting the complementary roles of plasticisation by mUPO and reinforcement by RH. Overall, the results highlight waste-to-value strategies that transform low-cost secondary products into high-performance RSF, offering promising potential in sustainable packaging, insulation, and lightweight protective materials for the food, logistics, and construction sectors. Among the tested formulations, RSFs containing 6 phr mUPO as plasticiser and 5 phr RH as reinforcement represented the optimum composition, making it particularly promising for eco-friendly packaging, cushioning, and insulation applications where both mechanical robustness and dimensional stability are required.

Graphical abstract