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<p>Cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) and graphene oxide (GO) are sustainable, high-performance materials widely explored for functional composites. In this study, an eco-friendly, scalable, surfactant and binder-free method was deployed to fabricate freestanding, porous CNF-GO films using doctor blade casting followed by freeze-drying. The effects of CNF and GO concentrations, along with film thickness, were studied to establish relationships between the process, microstructure and final properties. Rheological analysis showed shear-thinning behaviour, demonstrating that GO addition increased viscosity by at least 113%, enabling improved processability at lower CNF concentrations. Mechanical testing revealed that higher CNF content and film thickness improved tensile strength and Young’s modulus but also increased pressure drop, reducing air permeability. Incorporating 0.1&#xa0;wt% GO reduced pressure drop by nearly 23% at a flow rate of 2&#xa0;L/min for 4&#xa0;wt% CNF films with 2&#xa0;mm thickness, balancing mechanical strength and air permeability. Numerical analysis was also used to predict pressure drop as a function of structural parameters, validating experimental results. A formulation of 6&#xa0;wt% CNF with 0.1&#xa0;wt% GO at 1.5&#xa0;mm thickness was identified for multifunctional performance. This study demonstrated a continuous, scalable route to fabricate mechanically robust, porous CNF-GO films with tunable properties, offering strong potential for applications in air filtration and lightweight structural materials.</p>

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Scalable manufacturing of freestanding porous CNF-GO film

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月29日

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  • Shadi Ghaebi Mehmandoust Olya,
  • Thomas Rainey

摘要

Cellulose nanofibres (CNFs) and graphene oxide (GO) are sustainable, high-performance materials widely explored for functional composites. In this study, an eco-friendly, scalable, surfactant and binder-free method was deployed to fabricate freestanding, porous CNF-GO films using doctor blade casting followed by freeze-drying. The effects of CNF and GO concentrations, along with film thickness, were studied to establish relationships between the process, microstructure and final properties. Rheological analysis showed shear-thinning behaviour, demonstrating that GO addition increased viscosity by at least 113%, enabling improved processability at lower CNF concentrations. Mechanical testing revealed that higher CNF content and film thickness improved tensile strength and Young’s modulus but also increased pressure drop, reducing air permeability. Incorporating 0.1 wt% GO reduced pressure drop by nearly 23% at a flow rate of 2 L/min for 4 wt% CNF films with 2 mm thickness, balancing mechanical strength and air permeability. Numerical analysis was also used to predict pressure drop as a function of structural parameters, validating experimental results. A formulation of 6 wt% CNF with 0.1 wt% GO at 1.5 mm thickness was identified for multifunctional performance. This study demonstrated a continuous, scalable route to fabricate mechanically robust, porous CNF-GO films with tunable properties, offering strong potential for applications in air filtration and lightweight structural materials.