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<p>Cellulose-based hydrogels have attracted more and more attention in recent years. This study aimed to develop a biodegradable, dual-responsive cellulose-based hydrogel with sustained drug release properties. To achieve this goal, hydrogels with an interpenetrating-network structure based on cellulose derivatives with varying mass ratios were designed, and their controlled release properties for tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) were also investigated. First, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was grafted onto hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) via a mediated reaction between N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodimide hydrochloride. Subsequently, an interpenetrating strategy was employed by introducing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer as the second network through free radical polymerization into the preformed cellulose-based gel (HPC-co-CMC), thereby constructing a smart dual-network hydrogel (HPC-co-CMC/PNIPAM). The rheology tests, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, mechanical strength assessment, and drug loading capacity evaluations confirmed the stable formation of chemical cross-linking. The ratio of HPC to CMC had a significant effect on swelling capacity, TH release behavior, and antibacterial properties. In vitro studies, HPC-co-CMC/PNIPAM gels performed outstanding biocompatibility and antioxidant properties. The cumulative release behavior of TH indicated that an optimal HPC/CMC ratio could effectively prolong drug release time, and the dual-network HPC-co-CMC/PNIPAM hydrogels successfully prevented burst release. Furthermore, the pH/temperature-responsive behaviors were also evaluated through swelling ratio measurements. At a temperature of 37&#xa0;°C and pH 5.0, the TH release rate reached its maximum cumulative release over 65&#xa0;h. Therefore, HPC-co-CMC/PNIPAM gels have the great potential for advanced drug delivery applications.</p>

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Synthesis of a thermal/pH responsive dual-network cellulose-based composite hydrogel for controlled drug release

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Gong Jingwei,
  • Hou Leilei,
  • Ching Yern Chee,
  • Huang Shuangwu,
  • Kuan Yong Ching,
  • Thennakoon M. Sampath Udeni Gunathilake,
  • Nguyen Dai Hai,
  • Chuah Cheng Hock

摘要

Cellulose-based hydrogels have attracted more and more attention in recent years. This study aimed to develop a biodegradable, dual-responsive cellulose-based hydrogel with sustained drug release properties. To achieve this goal, hydrogels with an interpenetrating-network structure based on cellulose derivatives with varying mass ratios were designed, and their controlled release properties for tetracycline hydrochloride (TH) were also investigated. First, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was grafted onto hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) via a mediated reaction between N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodimide hydrochloride. Subsequently, an interpenetrating strategy was employed by introducing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer as the second network through free radical polymerization into the preformed cellulose-based gel (HPC-co-CMC), thereby constructing a smart dual-network hydrogel (HPC-co-CMC/PNIPAM). The rheology tests, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, mechanical strength assessment, and drug loading capacity evaluations confirmed the stable formation of chemical cross-linking. The ratio of HPC to CMC had a significant effect on swelling capacity, TH release behavior, and antibacterial properties. In vitro studies, HPC-co-CMC/PNIPAM gels performed outstanding biocompatibility and antioxidant properties. The cumulative release behavior of TH indicated that an optimal HPC/CMC ratio could effectively prolong drug release time, and the dual-network HPC-co-CMC/PNIPAM hydrogels successfully prevented burst release. Furthermore, the pH/temperature-responsive behaviors were also evaluated through swelling ratio measurements. At a temperature of 37 °C and pH 5.0, the TH release rate reached its maximum cumulative release over 65 h. Therefore, HPC-co-CMC/PNIPAM gels have the great potential for advanced drug delivery applications.