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<p>The sustainable processing of natural fibres, such as ramie (<i>Boehmeria nivea</i>) bast fibres and pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i>) leaf (PAL) fibres is limited by the presence of non-cellulosic components like pectin, hemicellulose and lignin. In this study, an eco-friendly enzymatic degumming strategy was developed by using three crude recombinant carbohydrate-active enzymes viz<i>.</i>: xylobiohydrolase (<i>Ac</i>GH30A), pectate lyase (<i>Ct</i>PL1B) and mannanase (<i>Rf</i>GH5_7). The optimised concentration for all three crude enzymes was determined to be 15&#xa0;mg·mL⁻<sup>1</sup> and the enzyme reactions were performed under optimised conditions of 50&#xa0;°C, pH 7.5 and 100&#xa0;rpm for 60&#xa0;min. The maximum degumming efficiency among multi-enzyme treatments, measured by fibre weight loss, was 11% for ramie (<i>Ac</i>GH30A + <i>Ct</i>PL1B) and 18% for PAL fibres (<i>Ct</i>PL1B + <i>Rf</i>GH5_7), closely matching with that of chemical, NaOH treatment (15.0 ± 0.6% for ramie, 21.0 ± 0.4% for PAL). FESEM analysis revealed smoother fibre surfaces post-enzymatic treatment, while ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed substantial removal of pectin and hemicellulose. Thermogravimetric analysis showed improved thermal stability of the enzyme-treated fibres, with degradation temperatures elevated to 356.3&#xa0;°C from 338.8&#xa0;°C for ramie and to 377.1&#xa0;°C from 361.0&#xa0;°C for PAL untreated fibres, indicating higher purity and crystallinity. Tensile strength improved in enzyme-treated ramie and PAL fibres to 418.3 and 323.2&#xa0;MPa, respectively, from 388 and 270&#xa0;MPa in untreated fibres. The optimised enzymatic treatment provided a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical degumming, enabling the valorisation of underutilised biomass like pineapple leaves, thereby supporting eco-friendly practices in the fibre processing and textile industries.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Eco-friendly enzymatic degumming of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) bast fibres and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf fibres by xylobiohydrolase, pectate lyase and mannanase

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月2日

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  • Yumnam Robinson Singh,
  • Nelson Mutum,
  • Ruhina Naz,
  • Arun Goyal

摘要

The sustainable processing of natural fibres, such as ramie (Boehmeria nivea) bast fibres and pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf (PAL) fibres is limited by the presence of non-cellulosic components like pectin, hemicellulose and lignin. In this study, an eco-friendly enzymatic degumming strategy was developed by using three crude recombinant carbohydrate-active enzymes viz.: xylobiohydrolase (AcGH30A), pectate lyase (CtPL1B) and mannanase (RfGH5_7). The optimised concentration for all three crude enzymes was determined to be 15 mg·mL⁻1 and the enzyme reactions were performed under optimised conditions of 50 °C, pH 7.5 and 100 rpm for 60 min. The maximum degumming efficiency among multi-enzyme treatments, measured by fibre weight loss, was 11% for ramie (AcGH30A + CtPL1B) and 18% for PAL fibres (CtPL1B + RfGH5_7), closely matching with that of chemical, NaOH treatment (15.0 ± 0.6% for ramie, 21.0 ± 0.4% for PAL). FESEM analysis revealed smoother fibre surfaces post-enzymatic treatment, while ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed substantial removal of pectin and hemicellulose. Thermogravimetric analysis showed improved thermal stability of the enzyme-treated fibres, with degradation temperatures elevated to 356.3 °C from 338.8 °C for ramie and to 377.1 °C from 361.0 °C for PAL untreated fibres, indicating higher purity and crystallinity. Tensile strength improved in enzyme-treated ramie and PAL fibres to 418.3 and 323.2 MPa, respectively, from 388 and 270 MPa in untreated fibres. The optimised enzymatic treatment provided a viable and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical degumming, enabling the valorisation of underutilised biomass like pineapple leaves, thereby supporting eco-friendly practices in the fibre processing and textile industries.

Graphical abstract