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<p>In conventional cotton dyeing with reactive dyes, a huge amount of salt is consumed, or large quantities of cationic agents are required for cotton cationization to enable salt-free dyeing. Subsequently, most portion of these chemicals end up in the effluent. This study utilized low molecular weight sericin, waste from the silk degumming process, to achieve clean, efficient, salt-free dyeing of cotton fabric. The modification of cotton with cationized sericin introduced positive charges onto cotton, as zeta potential shifted from −&#xa0;12.9 to 7.5&#xa0;mV. The dyeing performance evaluation showed that cotton treated with cationized sericin achieved 20% higher color strength as compared to the conventional salt-assisted process. About 84% of the cationic sericin in the residual bath can be effectively reused with minimal chemical replenishment. This reuse process maintains stable modification and salt-free dyeing performance over ten cycles of bath reuse. Compared to traditional dyeing and salt-free dyeing using a fresh cationization bath for modification, modification using the reused bath and salt-free dyeing process achieved a reduction in chemical consumption of 98% and 55% per kilogram of cotton fabric, respectively. This approach not only minimizes pollution but also optimizes chemical usage and reduces dyeing costs, offering an innovative and cost-effective solution for industrial salt-free dyeing of cotton fabrics.</p>

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Efficient and sustainable cationization of cotton using reusable sericin bath for salt-free dyeing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月16日

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  • Muhammad Asad Saleem,
  • Sumaira Shahid,
  • Muhammad Faizan Saleem

摘要

In conventional cotton dyeing with reactive dyes, a huge amount of salt is consumed, or large quantities of cationic agents are required for cotton cationization to enable salt-free dyeing. Subsequently, most portion of these chemicals end up in the effluent. This study utilized low molecular weight sericin, waste from the silk degumming process, to achieve clean, efficient, salt-free dyeing of cotton fabric. The modification of cotton with cationized sericin introduced positive charges onto cotton, as zeta potential shifted from − 12.9 to 7.5 mV. The dyeing performance evaluation showed that cotton treated with cationized sericin achieved 20% higher color strength as compared to the conventional salt-assisted process. About 84% of the cationic sericin in the residual bath can be effectively reused with minimal chemical replenishment. This reuse process maintains stable modification and salt-free dyeing performance over ten cycles of bath reuse. Compared to traditional dyeing and salt-free dyeing using a fresh cationization bath for modification, modification using the reused bath and salt-free dyeing process achieved a reduction in chemical consumption of 98% and 55% per kilogram of cotton fabric, respectively. This approach not only minimizes pollution but also optimizes chemical usage and reduces dyeing costs, offering an innovative and cost-effective solution for industrial salt-free dyeing of cotton fabrics.