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<p>Cactus leaf gel (CLG) (<i>Genus opuntia</i>) and sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) bio-macromolecule based cotton-jute fiber-reinforced flame resistant pliable composite material has been developed for potential applications in the automotive industry. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis revealed that CLG comprises bioactive components, including polysaccharides, proteins, antimicrobial agents, flavonoids, and natural gums. Natural rubber (latex), a plant-derived bio-macromolecule, was blended with vulcanization auxiliaries and functionalized with CLG at varying concentrations (10 g/L, 20 g/L, and 30 g/L w/v) to fabricate a natural rubber-CLG matrix. The composites were engineered with areal densities ranging from 300 to 350 g/m<sup>2</sup>, with the fiber content optimized to 38–40% by weight. 20 g/L CLG has been optimized based on the physical properties and other performance properties of the pliable composite material. Developed CLG-biodegradable composite exhibited&#xa0;satisfactory folding sustaining up to 80,000 cycles, with tensile strength and tear strength values of 7–9 N/mm<sup>2</sup> and 90–105 N/mm, respectively. Sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) (20 g/L, 50 g/L, 100 g/L) was also used as chemical auxiliary in CLG-natural rubber formulation and coated material showed LOI value of 25 in contrast with LOI value of 17 of pristine CLG based&#xa0;pliable composite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were employed to elucidate the crystallinity and chemical interactions between the natural rubber-CLG matrix and the natural fiber reinforcement whereas SEM analysis used to observed morphology of pliable composite and char mass left after burning. Besides, a plausible chemical mechanism was proposed to understand linkage between matrix and fibrous reinforcement. The findings suggest that CLG-SLS based pliable composite almost look like engineered leather and hold significant promise as sustainable alternatives for synthetic automotive seating upholstery, offering a viable eco-friendly solution for the industry.</p>

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Cotton-jute fibre reinforced natural rubber and cactus leaf gel based flame resistant composite for automobiles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月5日

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  • S. Basak,
  • D. B. Shakyawar,
  • D. P. Ray,
  • L. Ammayappan,
  • Manisha Jagadale,
  • Naveen Jose,
  • A. S. M. Raja,
  • S. Sinha,
  • R. Dhantole

摘要

Cactus leaf gel (CLG) (Genus opuntia) and sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) bio-macromolecule based cotton-jute fiber-reinforced flame resistant pliable composite material has been developed for potential applications in the automotive industry. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis revealed that CLG comprises bioactive components, including polysaccharides, proteins, antimicrobial agents, flavonoids, and natural gums. Natural rubber (latex), a plant-derived bio-macromolecule, was blended with vulcanization auxiliaries and functionalized with CLG at varying concentrations (10 g/L, 20 g/L, and 30 g/L w/v) to fabricate a natural rubber-CLG matrix. The composites were engineered with areal densities ranging from 300 to 350 g/m2, with the fiber content optimized to 38–40% by weight. 20 g/L CLG has been optimized based on the physical properties and other performance properties of the pliable composite material. Developed CLG-biodegradable composite exhibited satisfactory folding sustaining up to 80,000 cycles, with tensile strength and tear strength values of 7–9 N/mm2 and 90–105 N/mm, respectively. Sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) (20 g/L, 50 g/L, 100 g/L) was also used as chemical auxiliary in CLG-natural rubber formulation and coated material showed LOI value of 25 in contrast with LOI value of 17 of pristine CLG based pliable composite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were employed to elucidate the crystallinity and chemical interactions between the natural rubber-CLG matrix and the natural fiber reinforcement whereas SEM analysis used to observed morphology of pliable composite and char mass left after burning. Besides, a plausible chemical mechanism was proposed to understand linkage between matrix and fibrous reinforcement. The findings suggest that CLG-SLS based pliable composite almost look like engineered leather and hold significant promise as sustainable alternatives for synthetic automotive seating upholstery, offering a viable eco-friendly solution for the industry.