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<p>In this study, spent coffee grounds (SCG) were used to prepare 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-l-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized SCG-derived cellulose nanofibers (TCCNs), and the rheological properties of TCCNs were explored. Physicochemical characterization indicated successful TEMPO-mediated oxidation, and the TCCNs exhibited high aspect ratios. In steady shear rheological measurements, TCCN suspensions (2.32, 1.88, and 1.44&#xa0;wt%) all demonstrated highly shear-thinning fluidic behaviour, indicating high sensitivity to shear stress. The apparent viscosity and thixotropic properties increased with increasing concentration. The Herschel–Bulkley and Cross models provided a superior description of the suspension flow behaviour. Dynamic oscillatory measurements revealed a typical response indicative of weak gels in TCCN suspensions. As the concentration increased, the linear viscoelastic region expanded, accompanied by a decrease in the frequency sensitivity, indicating a stronger gel network. Furthermore, TCCN suspensions exhibited exceptional self-assembly abilities and thermally irreversible hydrogel behaviour. The incorporation of TCCNs into styrene-acrylic latex-based paper coatings led to increased thickening at low shear rates and outstanding shear-thinning behaviour at high shear rates. These results indicated that TCCNs have promise as an environmentally friendly and sustainable additive for various applications (e.g., food, personal care, and coating products).</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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TEMPO-oxidized spent coffee grounds-derived cellulose nanofibers (TCCNs): physicochemical characterization and rheological properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Weiwei Zhang,
  • Mengju Zhang,
  • Qian Guan,
  • Xiuqiang Zhang,
  • Lili Dong,
  • Suxia Ren,
  • Tingzhou Lei,
  • Shuhua Yang,
  • Zaifeng Li,
  • Qinglin Wu,
  • Yanhui Pan

摘要

In this study, spent coffee grounds (SCG) were used to prepare 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-l-oxyl radical (TEMPO)-oxidized SCG-derived cellulose nanofibers (TCCNs), and the rheological properties of TCCNs were explored. Physicochemical characterization indicated successful TEMPO-mediated oxidation, and the TCCNs exhibited high aspect ratios. In steady shear rheological measurements, TCCN suspensions (2.32, 1.88, and 1.44 wt%) all demonstrated highly shear-thinning fluidic behaviour, indicating high sensitivity to shear stress. The apparent viscosity and thixotropic properties increased with increasing concentration. The Herschel–Bulkley and Cross models provided a superior description of the suspension flow behaviour. Dynamic oscillatory measurements revealed a typical response indicative of weak gels in TCCN suspensions. As the concentration increased, the linear viscoelastic region expanded, accompanied by a decrease in the frequency sensitivity, indicating a stronger gel network. Furthermore, TCCN suspensions exhibited exceptional self-assembly abilities and thermally irreversible hydrogel behaviour. The incorporation of TCCNs into styrene-acrylic latex-based paper coatings led to increased thickening at low shear rates and outstanding shear-thinning behaviour at high shear rates. These results indicated that TCCNs have promise as an environmentally friendly and sustainable additive for various applications (e.g., food, personal care, and coating products).

Graphical abstract