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<p>Natural waste derived nanocellulose (NC) based biodegradable polymer composites offer a promising alternative to petroleum based plastic materials, reducing environmental pollution while promoting sustainability. This study introduces a novel hybrid nanocellulose (HNC) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposite, where SiO<sub>2</sub>, carbon black (CB), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coatings significantly enhance its mechanical, thermal, fire-retardant, and electrical properties. SiO<sub>2</sub> coatings improved flame resistance, as demonstrated by cone calorimeter tests (HRR value of 88&#xa0;kW/m<sup>2</sup>) and an increased limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 35%, forming a robust silica-rich char layer. The CB-coated composite exhibited the highest mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 40.05 ± 1.26&#xa0;MPa and a flexural strength of 161.75 ± 4.03&#xa0;MPa, along with superior conductivity of 545.05 ± 16.02&#xa0;S/m due to the formation of a dense percolation network. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed a T<sub>g</sub> of 88.35&#xa0;°C for the SiO<sub>2</sub> coated composite, highlighting enhanced thermal stability. Extensive characterization techniques, including electrochemical analysis, vertical combustion, SEM, FTIR, TGA, DTG, and DMA, confirmed the improved properties of the composites. The CB coated composite’s outstanding electrical performance was validated through the fabrication of a microstrip patch antenna, showcasing its suitability for green electronics and high-performance applications. This research contributes to the circular economy by converting agricultural waste into value-added biocomposites, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional materials for advanced electronic and fire-retardant applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Biocomposite of nanocellulose, polylactic acid, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and SiO2 for green electronics and fire-retardant applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Md Mazharul Islam,
  • A. N. M. Masudur Rahman,
  • Md Azizul Islam,
  • Alak Mir Md Kibria Fathme,
  • Lifang Liu

摘要

Natural waste derived nanocellulose (NC) based biodegradable polymer composites offer a promising alternative to petroleum based plastic materials, reducing environmental pollution while promoting sustainability. This study introduces a novel hybrid nanocellulose (HNC) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposite, where SiO2, carbon black (CB), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coatings significantly enhance its mechanical, thermal, fire-retardant, and electrical properties. SiO2 coatings improved flame resistance, as demonstrated by cone calorimeter tests (HRR value of 88 kW/m2) and an increased limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 35%, forming a robust silica-rich char layer. The CB-coated composite exhibited the highest mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 40.05 ± 1.26 MPa and a flexural strength of 161.75 ± 4.03 MPa, along with superior conductivity of 545.05 ± 16.02 S/m due to the formation of a dense percolation network. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed a Tg of 88.35 °C for the SiO2 coated composite, highlighting enhanced thermal stability. Extensive characterization techniques, including electrochemical analysis, vertical combustion, SEM, FTIR, TGA, DTG, and DMA, confirmed the improved properties of the composites. The CB coated composite’s outstanding electrical performance was validated through the fabrication of a microstrip patch antenna, showcasing its suitability for green electronics and high-performance applications. This research contributes to the circular economy by converting agricultural waste into value-added biocomposites, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional materials for advanced electronic and fire-retardant applications.

Graphical abstract