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<p>Polylactic acid (PLA)/biomass polymer composite filaments are environmentally friendly 3D printing supplies with the features of natural materials. This study prepared cellulose-enriched Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) distillers’ grains (CHG) fillers with 46.2&#xa0;wt% cellulose by dissolving starch and protein with NaOH solution. Then, PLA composite filaments containing 3–9&#xa0;wt% CHG fillers were prepared through melt blending and extrusion process. The SEM images of the cross-section of the filaments showed a good dispersion of CHG in composites. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallinity of pure PLA filaments was 22.2%, whereas that of the PLA/CHG composite filaments with 6&#xa0;wt% CHG reached 70.0%. This enhancement is attributed to CHG acting as a nucleating agent during the crystallization process of PLA. After that, PLA/CHG composite test specimens were fabricated using a 3D printer. It was found that the tensile strengths of 3D printed PLA/CHG composites were 37.9–47.3&#xa0;MPa, which were maintained at a comparable level to that of PLA sample. Furthermore, the biodegradation of 3D printed PLA/CHG composites were tested in real soil environment. After being buried in soil for 49 days, the mass loss rate was 0.6% for the 3D printed composite with 9 wt% CHG, while this value of the 3D printed PLA was only 0.1%, as distiller’s grains provide essential nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen source required for the microbial degradation of polylactic acid.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Improved crystallinity and biodegradability of 3D printable polylactic acid composite filaments filled with cellulose-enriched Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) distillers’ grains as sustainable nucleating agents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月26日

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  • Qiuyue Liang,
  • Ying Xu,
  • Yebo Lu,
  • Peng Liu,
  • Yi Jiang,
  • Yongbo Yao,
  • Junlu Sheng

摘要

Polylactic acid (PLA)/biomass polymer composite filaments are environmentally friendly 3D printing supplies with the features of natural materials. This study prepared cellulose-enriched Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) distillers’ grains (CHG) fillers with 46.2 wt% cellulose by dissolving starch and protein with NaOH solution. Then, PLA composite filaments containing 3–9 wt% CHG fillers were prepared through melt blending and extrusion process. The SEM images of the cross-section of the filaments showed a good dispersion of CHG in composites. XRD analysis revealed that the crystallinity of pure PLA filaments was 22.2%, whereas that of the PLA/CHG composite filaments with 6 wt% CHG reached 70.0%. This enhancement is attributed to CHG acting as a nucleating agent during the crystallization process of PLA. After that, PLA/CHG composite test specimens were fabricated using a 3D printer. It was found that the tensile strengths of 3D printed PLA/CHG composites were 37.9–47.3 MPa, which were maintained at a comparable level to that of PLA sample. Furthermore, the biodegradation of 3D printed PLA/CHG composites were tested in real soil environment. After being buried in soil for 49 days, the mass loss rate was 0.6% for the 3D printed composite with 9 wt% CHG, while this value of the 3D printed PLA was only 0.1%, as distiller’s grains provide essential nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen source required for the microbial degradation of polylactic acid.

Graphical Abstract