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<p>This study employed the desolvation method to encapsulate alpha-tocopherol encapsulation in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (NPs). Alpha-tocopherol is an effective antioxidant; however, it is poorly stable in oxidizing environments. It was expected that the stability of&#xa0;alpha-tocopherol&#xa0;could be improved when capped in suitable micellar structures. BSA is a bio-compatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic material and can be used to encapsulate alpha-tocopherol to increase its stability and acquire a controlled release. The BSA-encapsulated alpha-tocopherol-loaded NPs were applied to cellulose fabric. The BSA nanoparticles (BNPs) and alpha-tocopherol loaded-BNPs were characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and stability analyses. The results demonstrated the spherical morphology of NPs, as observed under the SEM machine. The unloaded BNPs expressed the <i>z</i>-average size of 92 ± 5&#xa0;nm, which became 95 ± 5–194 ± 5 depending on alpha-tocopherol loading. The FTIR analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of alpha-tocopherol in the BNPs. The alpha-tocopherol-loaded BNPs expressed up to 68 ± 4% release at the pH of 7.4. The alpha-tocopherol encapsulated in BNPs in the presence of rhamnolipid surfactant expressed in a controlled release in the buffer media. The tensile strength and elongation at the break values of untreated fabric were observed as 63 ± 3&#xa0;MPa and 18 ± 1%, which increased to 92 ± 5&#xa0;MPa and 25&#xa0;±&#xa0;1%, respectively, on treatment with alpha-tocopherol-loaded BNPs at 200&#xa0;mg/g. The alpha-tocopherol-loaded BNP-treated cellulose fabric exhibited more finish release (66 ± 3%) at 7.4 whereas limited (23 ± 2–25 ± 2%) in the pH range 5.4–6.4, i.e., the finish stability and release were pH-sensitive. Overall, the study focused on the development of sustainable drug delivery systems using renewable materials, like BSA as the shell matrix, alpha-tocopherol as an antioxidant, rhamnolipid as biosurfactant, cellulose as the substrate and citric acid as an eco-friendly cross-linker. The hence-produced cellulose fabric treated with alpha-tocopherol-loaded BSA inclusions expressed exceptional antioxidant activity and comfort properties. It thus can offer numerous benefits in the healthcare sector in skin care, eczema, and cosmetotextiles.</p>

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Synthesis of alpha-tocopherol-loaded bovine serum albumin nanostructures and their impregnation on cellulose fabric for potential biomedical application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • Sadia Latif,
  • Zulfiqar Ali Raza,
  • Mina Hafeez,
  • Tazeen Riaz,
  • Rashid Masood

摘要

This study employed the desolvation method to encapsulate alpha-tocopherol encapsulation in the bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (NPs). Alpha-tocopherol is an effective antioxidant; however, it is poorly stable in oxidizing environments. It was expected that the stability of alpha-tocopherol could be improved when capped in suitable micellar structures. BSA is a bio-compatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic material and can be used to encapsulate alpha-tocopherol to increase its stability and acquire a controlled release. The BSA-encapsulated alpha-tocopherol-loaded NPs were applied to cellulose fabric. The BSA nanoparticles (BNPs) and alpha-tocopherol loaded-BNPs were characterized using UV–vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and stability analyses. The results demonstrated the spherical morphology of NPs, as observed under the SEM machine. The unloaded BNPs expressed the z-average size of 92 ± 5 nm, which became 95 ± 5–194 ± 5 depending on alpha-tocopherol loading. The FTIR analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of alpha-tocopherol in the BNPs. The alpha-tocopherol-loaded BNPs expressed up to 68 ± 4% release at the pH of 7.4. The alpha-tocopherol encapsulated in BNPs in the presence of rhamnolipid surfactant expressed in a controlled release in the buffer media. The tensile strength and elongation at the break values of untreated fabric were observed as 63 ± 3 MPa and 18 ± 1%, which increased to 92 ± 5 MPa and 25 ± 1%, respectively, on treatment with alpha-tocopherol-loaded BNPs at 200 mg/g. The alpha-tocopherol-loaded BNP-treated cellulose fabric exhibited more finish release (66 ± 3%) at 7.4 whereas limited (23 ± 2–25 ± 2%) in the pH range 5.4–6.4, i.e., the finish stability and release were pH-sensitive. Overall, the study focused on the development of sustainable drug delivery systems using renewable materials, like BSA as the shell matrix, alpha-tocopherol as an antioxidant, rhamnolipid as biosurfactant, cellulose as the substrate and citric acid as an eco-friendly cross-linker. The hence-produced cellulose fabric treated with alpha-tocopherol-loaded BSA inclusions expressed exceptional antioxidant activity and comfort properties. It thus can offer numerous benefits in the healthcare sector in skin care, eczema, and cosmetotextiles.