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<p>Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are one of the most important biomass-derived materials for reinforcing hydrogels. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comparative studies examining the impact of CNCs synthesized via disparate methodologies on the toughening of hydrogels. This study synthesized two different CNCs through the sulfuric acid hydrolysis and deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesis methods from <i>Gleditsia sinensis</i> peel, a forest residue, and compared their effects on the enhancement of the mechanical properties of SA/PAAM (sodium alginate/polyacrylamide) hydrogels. The comprehensive characterizations demonstrated that the mechanical properties of hydrogels derived from DES-CNCs are superior to those derived from S-CNCs (sulfuric acid-CNCs). The DES-CNC/SA/PAAM hydrogels revealed a homogeneous structure with excellent strain (2534%), high transparency (90%), and self-adhesiveness (15&#xa0;kPa). The flexible sensor assembled using hydrogels exhibited accurate real-time monitoring capabilities for minor and larger strains during movement. To investigate the enhancement mechanism of CNCs on hydrogels, this work evaluated weak interaction forces between DES-CNC/SA/PAAM components through the quantum chemical theoretical calculations, with the combination of wave function analysis method and Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. This work provides comparative tests of forestry biomass sources in hydrogel synthesis and sensing applications and suggests a new idea for high-value utilization of biomass feedstocks.</p>

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Cellulose nanocrystals prepared by different methods as toughening agents in sodium alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogels for flexible sensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • Yuewei Wu,
  • Wenrong Che,
  • Ziyang He,
  • Yuhang Chi,
  • Baohui Li,
  • Jianwei Zheng,
  • Xianhai Zeng,
  • Miao Zuo

摘要

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are one of the most important biomass-derived materials for reinforcing hydrogels. Nevertheless, there is a lack of comparative studies examining the impact of CNCs synthesized via disparate methodologies on the toughening of hydrogels. This study synthesized two different CNCs through the sulfuric acid hydrolysis and deep eutectic solvent (DES) synthesis methods from Gleditsia sinensis peel, a forest residue, and compared their effects on the enhancement of the mechanical properties of SA/PAAM (sodium alginate/polyacrylamide) hydrogels. The comprehensive characterizations demonstrated that the mechanical properties of hydrogels derived from DES-CNCs are superior to those derived from S-CNCs (sulfuric acid-CNCs). The DES-CNC/SA/PAAM hydrogels revealed a homogeneous structure with excellent strain (2534%), high transparency (90%), and self-adhesiveness (15 kPa). The flexible sensor assembled using hydrogels exhibited accurate real-time monitoring capabilities for minor and larger strains during movement. To investigate the enhancement mechanism of CNCs on hydrogels, this work evaluated weak interaction forces between DES-CNC/SA/PAAM components through the quantum chemical theoretical calculations, with the combination of wave function analysis method and Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. This work provides comparative tests of forestry biomass sources in hydrogel synthesis and sensing applications and suggests a new idea for high-value utilization of biomass feedstocks.