Concise review on naturally derived flame-retardants for cotton fabrics

The domestic and industrial utilization of cotton fiber is largely restricted primarily due to its highly flammable nature. Although halogen-based molecules impart appreciable flame retardancy to cotton, they have notable disadvantages. This review offers comprehensive coverage of naturally derived flame-retardant molecules as an effective alternative to halogen-based flame-retardants. The source of each type of naturally derived flame-retardants, their structural significance, advantages, and role of additives in enhancing the flame-retardant properties were discussed in detail. Apart from highlighting the significance of lignin, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), phytic acid, casein, etc., this review article also discusses flame-retardants derived from chicken feathers, egg shells, and hydrophobins. In addition, this review highlights the limitations associated with the naturally derived flame-retardants and provides future perspectives.