Background <p>Given the negative social and emotional outcomes associated with restrictive interventions within juvenile detention facilities, it is important to examine risk factors for their use. Levels of internalizing symptomatology may uniquely present as a risk factor, as well as potentially moderate associations between perceptions of containment and restrictive interventions found in the literature.</p> Objective <p>To examine the associations between anxiety, depression, and perceived containment and facility personnel’s use and frequency of restrictive behavioral interventions. Given the multi-tiered levels of restrictive intervention (i.e., higher restrictions for more serious misconduct), associations were examined at different levels of restrictive intervention.</p> Method <p>Detained youth (<i>N</i> = 124; 71.8% Male; 11–17 years old, <i>M</i><sub><i>age</i></sub>=15.61, <i>SD</i><sub><i>age</i></sub>=1.38) self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms and perceptions of containment. Facilities reported Tier 2 (e.g., room restrictions, lockdowns) and Tier 3 (e.g., restraints, more permanent restrictions) restrictive intervention use (i.e., Risk) and Count for each youth.</p> Results <p>Symptoms of anxiety and perceived containment were negatively associated with Tier 2 Count. The association between perceived containment and Tier 3 Risk depended on levels of anxiety and depression while the association between perceived containment and Tier 3 Count depended on levels of anxiety. Overall, low levels of perceived containment were only associated with Tier 3 interventions when levels of internalizing symptoms were low.</p> Conclusions <p>Findings help clarify individual-level factors that increase susceptibility to restrictive interventions and offer insight into potential targets to limit their use.</p>

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Do Anxiety and Depression Symptoms Contribute to Risk for Restrictive Behavioral Interventions for Detained Youth?

  • Selena A. Baca,
  • Jeevan S. Bains,
  • Christopher Gomez,
  • Charlsie Solano,
  • Paula J. Fite

摘要

Background

Given the negative social and emotional outcomes associated with restrictive interventions within juvenile detention facilities, it is important to examine risk factors for their use. Levels of internalizing symptomatology may uniquely present as a risk factor, as well as potentially moderate associations between perceptions of containment and restrictive interventions found in the literature.

Objective

To examine the associations between anxiety, depression, and perceived containment and facility personnel’s use and frequency of restrictive behavioral interventions. Given the multi-tiered levels of restrictive intervention (i.e., higher restrictions for more serious misconduct), associations were examined at different levels of restrictive intervention.

Method

Detained youth (N = 124; 71.8% Male; 11–17 years old, Mage=15.61, SDage=1.38) self-reported anxiety and depression symptoms and perceptions of containment. Facilities reported Tier 2 (e.g., room restrictions, lockdowns) and Tier 3 (e.g., restraints, more permanent restrictions) restrictive intervention use (i.e., Risk) and Count for each youth.

Results

Symptoms of anxiety and perceived containment were negatively associated with Tier 2 Count. The association between perceived containment and Tier 3 Risk depended on levels of anxiety and depression while the association between perceived containment and Tier 3 Count depended on levels of anxiety. Overall, low levels of perceived containment were only associated with Tier 3 interventions when levels of internalizing symptoms were low.

Conclusions

Findings help clarify individual-level factors that increase susceptibility to restrictive interventions and offer insight into potential targets to limit their use.