Background <p>Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide among children and youth. Suicidal behavior, influenced by individual, familial, and social factors, represents a growing concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.</p> Objective <p>To examine the factors associated with resilience and well-being in a sample of 224 children and adolescents from the Department of Caldas, Colombia, who had attempted suicide during 2023–2024.</p> Methods <p>Standardized instruments were administered to assess resilience, well-being, caregiver depression, perceived loneliness, perceived impact of immobilization, and contextual variables related to mental health treatment. Correlational analyses, multiple linear regressions, and a multivariate general linear model (GLM) were conducted.</p> Results <p>The regression model explained 83.3% of the variance in well-being (<i>R</i> = .965; adjusted R² = 0.833). Significant predictors included perceived loneliness, perception of restraint as a barrier to recovery, and resilience. Caregiver depression, perceived impact of immobilization, and having a reason to live significantly predicted both resilience and well-being.</p> Conclusions <p>Psychosocial and relational factors play a critical role in strengthening the mental health of clinically vulnerable children and adolescents. These findings underscore the need for interventions that address family environments and subjective experiences of distress.</p>