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Background <p>In adolescence, self-criticism represents a central phenomenon in a variety of mental disorders, and can portend emotional, social, and behavioural problems.</p> Objective <p>We outline the development and testing of the first bespoke measure of self-criticism for adolescents aged 11–16 years, the Adolescent Self-Criticism Scale (ASCS), informed by adolescents and experts in child mental health/scale development, via two studies.</p> Methods <p>In study one, an item pool was generated via: (i) a literature review of existing self-criticism measures to produce an initial pool of 141 items; (ii) eight subject matter experts’ assessment of the content validity of the 141-items; and (iii) three focus groups with 18 adolescents in total, to produce a final pool of 70 items. In study 2, this pool of 70 items was administered to a sample of 305 secondary school pupils at time point one. Factor Analysis revealed two latent factors based on a reduced set of 24 items characterised as: Criticising Self and Sensitivity to Failure. Both subscales demonstrated high internal consistency (Factor 1 α.94; Factor 2 α.91). At time point two, the 24-item ASCS was administered to 206 adolescents, alongside standardised scales of wellbeing.</p> Results <p>The ASCS showed high correlations with depression, self-compassion, self-criticism, and perfectionism, with significant correlations between subscales and validation measures. Test-retest reliability at four weeks was excellent (0.87).</p> Conclusion <p>Overall, as a short psychometrically robust scale, the ASCS offers an excellent ecologically valid tool for professionals interested in measuring the emotional wellbeing of young people and/or the effectiveness of youth wellbeing interventions.</p>

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The Development and Validation of the Adolescent Self-Criticism Scale (ASCS)

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Hajra Ashra,
  • Christopher Barnes,
  • Edward James Nairn Stupple,
  • Frances Anne Maratos

摘要

Background

In adolescence, self-criticism represents a central phenomenon in a variety of mental disorders, and can portend emotional, social, and behavioural problems.

Objective

We outline the development and testing of the first bespoke measure of self-criticism for adolescents aged 11–16 years, the Adolescent Self-Criticism Scale (ASCS), informed by adolescents and experts in child mental health/scale development, via two studies.

Methods

In study one, an item pool was generated via: (i) a literature review of existing self-criticism measures to produce an initial pool of 141 items; (ii) eight subject matter experts’ assessment of the content validity of the 141-items; and (iii) three focus groups with 18 adolescents in total, to produce a final pool of 70 items. In study 2, this pool of 70 items was administered to a sample of 305 secondary school pupils at time point one. Factor Analysis revealed two latent factors based on a reduced set of 24 items characterised as: Criticising Self and Sensitivity to Failure. Both subscales demonstrated high internal consistency (Factor 1 α.94; Factor 2 α.91). At time point two, the 24-item ASCS was administered to 206 adolescents, alongside standardised scales of wellbeing.

Results

The ASCS showed high correlations with depression, self-compassion, self-criticism, and perfectionism, with significant correlations between subscales and validation measures. Test-retest reliability at four weeks was excellent (0.87).

Conclusion

Overall, as a short psychometrically robust scale, the ASCS offers an excellent ecologically valid tool for professionals interested in measuring the emotional wellbeing of young people and/or the effectiveness of youth wellbeing interventions.