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<p>Nowadays, modern nanotechnology has emerged as an important tool in advanced photocatalysis research, providing innovative protocols for wastewater treatment. In this study, zinc cobaltite nanoparticles (ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs) were prepared via an eco-friendly, straightforward approach using cow urine (CU), a natural bio-reductant and bio-stabilizer. The topological, optical, and structural features of the as-produced ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs were properly characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM, UV-DRS, XPS, FTIR, and EDX. The XRD investigation revealed that ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs with an average crystallite size of 28.27&#xa0;nm were produced in the face-centered cubic spinel phase. TEM revealed the irregular polyhedral shape of ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs. The UV-DRS technique indicates that the electronic band gap of ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs is 2.38&#xa0;eV. To assess the photocatalytic performance of ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs, Rhodamine B (RhB) was chosen as a representative contaminant. The ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs revealed excellent photocatalytic efficacy toward the decomposition of RhB dye beneath solar light irradiation. A maximum decomposition performance of 93.66% was attained within 30&#xa0;min, corresponding to a rate constant of 0.08465&#xa0;min<sup>‒1</sup>, with 10&#xa0;ppm identified as the ideal dye concentration. Furthermore, the ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs disclosed good stability and recyclability, retaining their catalytic features over 4 successive cycles with no significant loss in performance. This finding highlights the capability of greenly produced ZnCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs as an effective and viable photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Insights Into a Bio-Waste-Mediated Eco-Friendly Synthesis of ZnCo2O4 Nanoparticles for the Sunlight-Aided Photocatalytic Decomposition of Rhodamine B Dye

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Khanderao Pagar,
  • Balasaheb Pagar,
  • Soumya Ranjan Mishra,
  • Vishal Gadore,
  • Saptarshi Roy,
  • Md. Ahmaruzzaman,
  • Kshitij RB Singh,
  • Jay Singh,
  • Majid S. Jabir,
  • Suresh Ghotekar

摘要

Nowadays, modern nanotechnology has emerged as an important tool in advanced photocatalysis research, providing innovative protocols for wastewater treatment. In this study, zinc cobaltite nanoparticles (ZnCo2O4 NPs) were prepared via an eco-friendly, straightforward approach using cow urine (CU), a natural bio-reductant and bio-stabilizer. The topological, optical, and structural features of the as-produced ZnCo2O4 NPs were properly characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM, UV-DRS, XPS, FTIR, and EDX. The XRD investigation revealed that ZnCo2O4 NPs with an average crystallite size of 28.27 nm were produced in the face-centered cubic spinel phase. TEM revealed the irregular polyhedral shape of ZnCo2O4 NPs. The UV-DRS technique indicates that the electronic band gap of ZnCo2O4 NPs is 2.38 eV. To assess the photocatalytic performance of ZnCo2O4 NPs, Rhodamine B (RhB) was chosen as a representative contaminant. The ZnCo2O4 NPs revealed excellent photocatalytic efficacy toward the decomposition of RhB dye beneath solar light irradiation. A maximum decomposition performance of 93.66% was attained within 30 min, corresponding to a rate constant of 0.08465 min‒1, with 10 ppm identified as the ideal dye concentration. Furthermore, the ZnCo2O4 NPs disclosed good stability and recyclability, retaining their catalytic features over 4 successive cycles with no significant loss in performance. This finding highlights the capability of greenly produced ZnCo2O4 NPs as an effective and viable photocatalyst for wastewater treatment.

Graphical Abstract